Objectives. We examined association between incidence rate of low birth weight in liveborn infants and maternal sociodemographic status in Tuzla Canton during 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The present study covers a 22-year period (1988–2009), including the war period (1992–1995), and we retrospectively collected data on a total of 108 316 liveborn infants and their mothers from three different socioeconomic periods: before (1988–1991), during (1992–1995), and after the war (1996–2009). Association between incidence rate of low birth weight in liveborn infants and maternal sociodemographic status were determined for each study period. Results. There were 23 194 live births in the prewar, 18 302 during the war, and 66 820 in the postwar period. Among the liveborn infants born during the war, 1373 (7.5%) had birth weight of <2500 g, which is significantly more in comparison with 851 (3.6%) liveborn infants in this birth weight group born before and 1864 (2.8%) after the war. We found the number of examinations during pregnancy was 1.8 per pregnant woman in the war period, which was low in comparison with the number of examinations before (4.6 per pregnant woman) and after (7.1 per pregnant woman) the war (P<.001 for both). Prewar perinatal mortality LBW infants of 6.2 per 1000 live births increased to 10.8 per 1000 live births during the war (P<.001), but after the war, perinatal mortality LBW infants (5.2‰) and early neonatal mortality (2.4‰) decreased. Conclusions. We found statistically significant association between low-birth-weight and maternal sociodemographic status in Tuzla Canton during 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Soil damage comes as a result of various types of soil utilization in regard to its technical functions, and during that, huge quantities of various waste materials form (industrial, communal, mines, etc.). Such materials cover up vast land areas, which lead to a signifi cant reduction of land fund. It is essential to identify the ways and appropriate measures for transforming such areas into the areas suitable for any environmental functions. While executing these measures, various materials are identifi ed as technogenous substrates. When it comes to conducting the rehabilitation measures, it is important to have a good knowledge of the substrate properties, both general and specifi c. Th e general ones include: pH reaction, content of CaCO3, physiologically active calcium (CaO), organic matter, texture, content of skeleton. Th e specifi c properties encompass: heavy metals content, biological infection and radioactivity of the soil. Th is paper identifi es seven basic groups of technogenous substrates: suitable, medium suitable, less suitable, unsuitable, very unsuitable toxic, infectious and radioactive. Th e actions for the application of direct or indirect recultivation are developed by the subject groups. Direct recultivation includes the actions of immediate execution of rehabilitation measures, while indirect recultivation includes the application of a special layer of soil (suitable geological material or natural soil). It also provides the appropriate depths of such materials for the corresponding technical substrate. Th e paper’s attention is focused on the follow-up of the impact of pedo-technogenous factors on the processes within the established disposal sites. Th erefore, further elaboration and classifi cation of technogenous soils continues to be important. Th e paper also provides a projection of development of technogenous soils that encompasses three diff erent substrates: natural geological substrate, industrial waste, and communal waste, outlining specifi c developmental stages, as well as morphological denotation of the profi les, with stated monocyclic and two-layer profi le composition.

The complexity of water budgeting module as shown in this paper is represented in phases. By experimental measurement of precipitation and lysimetric measurement of percolation runoff the fi rst phase establishes monthly and annual soil-water budgets of skeletal and clayey soils, and hence the influence of soil water-retention potential on hydrologic cycle and water budget over a four year period in the area of Mostar. Then, a soil-water budget model is simulated in a simplified procedure in order to determine the corresponding soil productive water reserve (R) for given soils. In this way, depending on R values, the output parameters of the simulated model may produce different results in: calculated surplus or percolation runoff, real evapotranspiration (RET) and water deficit. The lysimetric measuring of the water input and output in skeletal and clayey soils determined significant differences in the water budgets of these, by physical properties, divergent soils. Such correlations indicate that there is a realistic possibility of computing new, relatively reliable and pragmatically significant agro-hydrological parameters using measured precipitation and calculated PET. Also, this paper addresses a correlative analysis between the apple and maize ET on one side, and evaporation measured by Piche and by Class A, as well as PET calculated by Thornthwaite, Turc and Penman, on the other side. The results show a reliable reaction between ET of apple and maize with E by Piche, while the same relation is even more reliable with Class A. Other methods in this correlative analysis are less reliable.

In this paper the probability density function of the Switch and Stay Combiner (SSC) output signal at one time instant and the joint probability density function of the SSC combiner output signal at two time instants, in the presence of log-normal fading, are determined in the closed form expressions. The results are shown graphically for different variance values and decision threshold values. If the digital telecommunication systems work on the manner described in this paper, the error probability will be significantly reduced. Ill. 6, bibl. 24 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian). http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.109.3.161

Since 1996, the Turopolje pig is recognised as a Croatian autochthonous extensive pig breed and was include in program of "in situ" preservation. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes in breeding population of Turopolje pig in relation to re productive traits and brucellosis outbreaks. 529 liters from 388 sows were analysed in the period from 2000 to 2 009. In average 1.2 liters/sow/year were observed with 4.21 and 3.90 piglets born alive and weaned per litter, respectively. Mortality rate during the weaning period was close to 20%. In the period from 1996 to 2009 the size of breeding population was increased more than ten times in the number of sows and five times in the number of boars. In 2008, the numbers of sows and boars decreased about 21% in relation to 2 007, primarily due to an outbreak of brucellosis. In average 44.2% and 30.1% of tested pigs during 2008 and 2009 were serologically positive to Brucella suis infection and were excluded from population. These results suggest requirements to increase the number of litters per year and survival of pigs born alive due to changes in Turopolje pig production system and development of a health monitoring program.