Development of a civil society and social systems for protection of different groups is directly related to well functioning political and economic systems. If the level of economic development or political stability is not continuous the implementation of antidiscrimination laws would most likely be at a very low level. In this case development of social rights along with implementation of antidiscrimination rights may be marginalized due to three factors: lack of cooperation among political and economic spheres, lack of knowledge about antidiscrimination laws and absence of political will for adoption and implementation of antidiscrimination laws. Therefore, we focus on the examination of specific issues concerning the three aforementioned factors primarily focusing on EU and divergence in the level of political and economic development among the member states.We will argue that antidiscrimination laws are not welcome in new member states, especially since they increase political and economic costs for the governments of respective countries. Level of political development has much to do with the acceptance and inclusion of AD laws in the decision making process. Economic development has much to do with social and living standards within a country which is directly related to the general perception of the population on AD laws. Therefore, one could say that implementation of AD laws heavily depends on the preparedness of people, economic and political system and their will to cope with costs and benefits of implementing those laws

In this volume, the authors, from European, Canadian and American universities, focus on a very topical issue, the relations between nation states and national minorities which emerged in the 20th and 21st centuries. Dealing with various original case studies, such as Belarus, Poland, Moldova, Israel, or Malaysia, these relationships are studied from the perspective of the authorities of the new nation states and from the perspective of the minorities. The theoretical approach is inspired by Rogers Brubaker's work on 'nationalising states' (Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2011) and this leading author in the field provides a new discussion on the concept. The authors pay particular attention to the historical contexts in which the dynamics between nation-states and minorities developed and provide an innovative way of thinking about nationalism today.Given its position at the crossroad of different fields and broad geographical spectrum this book is relevant to a wide audience of scholars in the fields of nationalism, minority studies, citizenship studies, and multiculturalism.

Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are often used in treatment of Crohn's disease and are usually considered the main cause of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of CS on development of osteoporosis in Crohn's disease. In this study bone mass density (BMD) was analyzed in 43 patients with Crohn's disease. Most of the examined patients (72.1%) used CS for more than 3 months. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 30.2% of patients, and osteopenia in 44.2% of patients. There were no statistically significant difference in BMD among patients who were on CS and the ones who were not. In the group of newly diagnosed patients 60% had reduced bone density, opposing 61.6% of patients with previously diagnosed disease. There was no statistically significant difference among those two groups of patients. Risk factor such as corticosteroid therapy is not independent risk factor for reduced BMD. Newly diagnosed patients have high prevalence of reduced BMD and they were not on CS therapy, which suggest that possible inflammatory nature of the disease is a possible risk factor for reduced BMD in Crohn's disease.