A partir de alguns conceitos básicos de teorias de gênero, este artigo visa descrever o gênero e-mail pessoal em inglês, como parte de um projeto em andamento que tem implicações pedagógicas. Os dados foram coletados em 30 e-mails escritos por keypals de diferentes países. Nossa análise focaliza os aspectos sociais e culturais do gênero (principalmente o conceito de propósito comunicativo), mas também considera a linguagem e as convenções formais utilizadas. Na conclusão, apontamos que uma das principais características desse gênero é justamente seu caráter híbrido.

This paper presents the research based on experiment performing of the deep-drawing process with wall-thickness thinning. The corresponding measurement equipment was applied, where with the process analysis and with the applied stochastic modelling method, the physical mathematical model for the deep-drawing force is obtained, in the form: F i =  f ( ψ , s 1 , μ ). The applied modelling and simulation methods in this paper, can also be used for defining the optimal values of bigger number of the technological process parameters of deep drawing, with wall-thickness thinning, by the applied higher order mathematical model. Principally, it would relate to the reduction of the drawing force with the obtained products, according to the demanded quality along with the minimum energy consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.18.2.1563

Summary Background To evaluate the differences in the existence and size of dead space in patients with and without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD and non-GERD) expressed through the size of intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT). Material/Methods The study enrolled 86 subjects – 43 patients referred for endoscopy because of symptoms of GERD (heartburn, acid regurgitation, dysfagia) and 43 healthy subjects with similar anthropometric characteristics without GERD symptoms. Based on endoscopy findings, patients were classified into the erosive reflux disease (ERD) group and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group. Spirometry values, single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and intrapulmonary shunt (venous shunt – QS/QT) determined by the oxygen method were measured in all participants. Results Statistically significant differences between GERD and non-GERD groups in FVC (p=0.034), FEV1 (p=0.002), FEV1/FVC (p=0.001), and PEF (p=0.001) were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in FEF 25% (p=0.859), FEF 50% (p=0.850), and FEF 75% (p=0.058). Values of DLCO (p=0.006) and DLCO/VA (p=0.001) were significantly lower and QS/QT was significantly higher (p=0.001) in the GERD group than in the non-GERD group. However, in both groups the average values of DLCO and DLCO/VA expressed as a percentage of predictive values were within normal range, while the value of QS/QT in the GERD group showed pathological (6.0%) mean value (normal value ≤5.0%). There were no significant differences in respiratory function test results between patients with ERD and NERD. Conclusions Our results suggest that microaspiration of stomach contents may cause surfactant damage, development of microatelectasis, and dead space expansion with consequent increase of intrapulmonary (venous) shunt.

We read with great interest the editorial article by Meshikhes AWN published in issue 25 of World J Gastroenterol 2011. The article described the advantages of emergency laparoscopic appendectomy compared with interval appendectomy as a new safe treatment modality for the appendiceal mass. The author concluded that the emergency laparoscopic appendectomy was a safe treatment modality for the appendiceal mass, and might prove to be more cost-effective than conservative treatment, with no need for interval appendectomy. However, we would like to highlight certain issues regarding the possibility of percutaneous catheter drainage to successfully treat the appendiceal mass, with no need for appendectomy, too.

O artigo discute questoes relacionadas as trajetorias e narrativas de professoras de educacao infantil do meio rural de Itaberaba (BA), ao destacar aspectos sobre formacao e praticas educativas, objetivando apreender, atraves das narrativas docentes, dificuldades existentes nesse contexto para a materializacao de uma pratica educativa articulada as proposicoes legais para essa etapa inicial da educacao basica. Busca-se, tambem, apresentar concepcoes de infância, relacionando-as a realidade da educacao infantil em espacos rurais e as questoes concernentes a profissionalizacao docente, mediante a analise de dispositivos legais que regulam o trabalho das professoras no cotidiano das classes de educacao infantil. Palavras-chave:    Narrativas autobiograficas. Educacao rural. Formacao docente. Praticas educativas. Educacao infantil.