Objective – The study was undertaken in order to assess on the basis of the opinions of high school teachers if the conditions exist in their schools to provide adequate assistance to pupils suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus in a state of hypoglycaemia.  Subjects and Methods – 74 teachers from 35 different schools were surveyed by means of a cross-sectional study. According to whether the school was attended by a pupil suffering from T1DM, the teachers were divided into two groups: group 1 (schools with a pupil suffering from T1DN; n=7) and group 2 (schools without any pupils suffering from T1DM; n=47).  Results – Most of the teachers knew what hypoglycaemia is, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in this regard (p=0.718). There were more negative answers in both groups (p=00.001 and p<0.001) to the question: “Does the school have written instructions on how to treat hypoglycaemia?” In the first group the question: “Can a pupil measure his/her blood sugar levels during lesson time?” received more positive replies (p=0.013), whilst in the second group the difference between the replies was not statistically significant (p=0.144). In response to the question “Does the school have drinks or food available to treat hypoglycaemia?” there were more negative answers in both groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001). To the question: “Can a child suffering from diabetes eat food or have a drink during lesson time?” there were more positive answers in both groups (p<0.001, and p<0.001). In response to the question: “Does the school have people who know how to give an injection of glucagon?” there were more negative answers in both groups (p=0.003, and p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the answers given. The main reasons for insufficient care for pupils suffering from T1DM whilst in school were seen by 40.5% of teachers as a lack of attention given to the problems of these pupils and the lack of education of teaching staff about T1DM.  Conclusion – The results obtained indicate that the conditions are not met in our schools to provide appropriate assistance to children suffering from T1DM in a state of hypoglycaemia.

Introduction: Water can support the growth of different microorganisms which may result in contamination. Therefore, the microbiological examination is required for testing the hygienic probity of water. In the study of microbial composition of untreated, natural spring and mineral water differences in the presence and number of bacteria during the two periods, winter and summer, are detectable.Methods: In our study, we analyzed and compared the following parameters, specified in the Rulebook: total bacteria and total aerobic bacteria (ml/22 and 37°C), total Coliform bacteria and Coliforms of fecalorigin (MPN/100ml), fecal streptococci as Streptococcus faecalis  (MPN/100ml), Proteus spp (MPN/100ml), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPN/100 ml) Sulphoreducing Clostridia (cfu / ml). The paper is a retrospective study in which we processed data related to the period of 2005-2009 year. While working, we used the descriptive-analytical comparative statistical treatment.Results: The obtained results show statistically significant differences in the microbial composition of untreated water in the two observed periods,Conclusions: Findings were consequence of different weather conditions in these periods, which imply a number of other variable factors.

Introduction: The aim of the research was to determine the effect of breakthrough pain (BTP) on heart and lung function in patients whose cancer pain had been treated with strong opiates.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients who were treated in recumbent patients’ hospice of Palliative Care Centre (hospice) University Clinical Centre Tuzla. The effect of pain breakthrough onheart function was monitored by blood pressure and pulse measuring outside. The effect on respiratory function was monitored by measuring the respiration number with SpO2 and pCO2 and pO2 capillary blood valuesoutside, during and after relieving pain breakthrough.Results: Mean value for Karnofsky score for patients upon admission was 47.13 ± 11.05 and on discharge 51.25 ± 11.73. The total number of pain breakthroughs for patients within the 10 days of the treatment was1396. During the pain breakthrough the mean of systolic pressure was 133.1 mmHg and it was statistically significantly higher than the mean of systolic pressure measured after BTP relief with oral morphine. Themean of diastolic pressure measured outside of pain breakthrough was 75.9 mmHg and after the BTP relief it was 72.9 mmHg. The mean pulse outside of pain breakthrough was 92.7 heartbeats per minute and afterthe BTP relief 8 9.1 heartbeats per minute.Conclusion: Pain breakthrough leads to pulse acceleration, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and it also affects respiratory function by accelerating the respiration

Next generation transport network is characterized by the use of in-band signaling, where Internet Protocol (IP) packets carrying signaling or media information are mixed in transmission. Since transport resources are limited, when any segment of access or core network is congested, IP packets carrying signaling information may be discarded. As a consequence, it may be impossible to implement reachability and quality of service (QoS). Since present approaches are insufficient to completely address this problem, a novel approach is proposed, which is based on prioritizing signaling information transmission. To proof the concept, a simulation study was performed using Network Simulator version 2 (ns-2) and independently developed Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) module. The obtained results were statistically processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Summarizing our research results, several issues are identified for future work.

Anemia refers to a hemoglobin or hematocrit level lower than the age-adjusted reference range in healthy children and adults. Anemia is not a specifi c disease entity but is a condition caused by various underlying pathologic processes. The clinical effects of anemia depend on its duration and severity. When a precipitous drop in the hemoglobin or hematocrit level occurs (eg, due to massive bleeding), the clinical presentation is typically dramatic and can be fatal if the patient is not immediately treated. Even then, mortality risk is very high. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with clinical symptoms and laboratory confirmation of severe anemia with level of hemoglobin 24 g/l, and hematocrit 0.08. Anemia was a sign of malignoma of the stomach, later patohistologicaly verifi ed gastric adenocarcinoma. Aim of management is to prevent tissue hypoxia by maintaining an adequate circulating volume and oxiform capacity. However, as shown in this case, the very rapid correction of anemia and the circulatory volume does not decrease the risk of fatal outcome

Background QI are retrospectively measurable elements of practice performance for which there is evidence or consensus that can be used to assess the quality of care provided. Aim To develop a set of consensus-derived QI for pSLE to serve as international benchmarks for the quality of patient care. Methods Based on the medical literature a Delphi survey was created and distributed to the physician membership of PRES, PANLAR, CARRA and the ACR via e-mail. Consensus was considered 80% or higher. Results There was consensus (97%) among the 297 respondents that simply applying QI developed by the ACR and EULAR for adults with SLE (adult QI) was insufficient and that distinct QI for pSLE were needed. Respondents concurred that 5 of the 20 ACR and 6 of the 24 EULAR adult QI are also suitable for pSLE. An additional 14 ACR and 13 EULAR adult QI might be useful for pSLE after modifications. There was no consensus whether to consider “Pregnancy” (45%) and “Reproductive Health” (65%) as domains in the set of pSLE QI. Conclusion There is great demand among pediatric rheumatologists to develop QI for pSLE. Initial agreement has been reached about the types and domains of QI for pSLE, but additional discussion and consensus formation under consideration of the medical evidence is needed to finalize a set of QI for pSLE that can be used to define standard of care treatment for children and adolescents with pSLE.

Background Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomalrecessive disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis. It is common in eastern Mediterranean population. There are only few FMF patients in Slovenia and Macedonia and the mutation carrier rate is not known. So far, over 80 disease associated mutations have been identified in MEFV gene; the most common are M694V, V726A, M680I, E148Q and M694I.The distribution pattern of MEFV mutation along the Mediterranean Sea is not uniform; eastern populations have the highest number of carriers (20-39%), whereas the number of carriers in western Mediterranean populations is considerably lower.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test absorption characteristics of some newly synthesised 4‐hidroxycoumarins, containing phenyl‐prop‐2‐enoyl group at the 3‐position. Change in spectral characteristics in solvents of different polarity (chloroform and acetonitrile) was followed in regard to the influence of the substitution at the phenyl ring and influence of concentration H+ ions. Effectiveness of tested substances was compared with well‐known UV absorbers such as benzophenone‐3 and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM).Design/methodology/approach – All the tested substances were dissolved in chloroform and acetonitrile, with 10‐3 mmol concentration range. The pH was adjusted using 0.1 mol/l HCl, glacial acetic acid, 0.1 mol/l NaOH (aqueous solution) and 0.1 mol/l NaOH (methanolic solution). Spectrophotometric measurement was recorded in the range of 200‐800 nm, using 1‐cm quartz cells.Findings – The tested 4‐hydroxycoumarin derivatives showed good UV absorption properties in the range 280‐380 nm...

Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an overview of the progression of human cases in the period from 2005 to 2010. Further we provide an update on the available diagnostic methods and endemic regions in their countries, with an emphasis on occurring virus types and reservoirs.

In this study, we investigate the feasibility of a BCI based on transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), a medical imaging technique used to monitor cerebral blood flow velocity. We classified the cerebral blood flow velocity changes associated with two mental tasks - a word generation task, and a mental rotation task. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured simultaneously within the left and right middle cerebral arteries while nine able-bodied adults alternated between mental activity (i.e. word generation or mental rotation) and relaxation. Using linear discriminant analysis and a set of time-domain features, word generation and mental rotation were classified with respective average accuracies of 82.9%10.5 and 85.7%10.0 across all participants. Accuracies for all participants significantly exceeded chance. These results indicate that TCD is a promising measurement modality for BCI research.