Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Report of two Cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare developmental disorder caused by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p-). The main phenotypic characteristics of WHS are: intrauterine growth retardation, mental retardation, typical facial dysmorphism, microcephaly and midline fusion defects (cleft lip or palate, cardiac septal defects). Other abnormalities, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysplastic kidneys, iris coloboma and skeletal abnormalities have occasionally been described. We describe two female newborn babies with a 4p deletion, who have a majority of the main phenotypic features of WHS. Prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is very important, because dysmorphologic features are associated with profound mental retardation. Postnatal recognition of the syndrome requires genetic counseling of the parents and supportive multidisciplinary treatment.

Technological advances, globalisation, changing demographics and privatisation are the main driving forces behind the current transformation of education. Market research firms estimate that electronic learning or e-learning is the fastest growing sector of the global education market with an annual growth rate of 10-15% (Hezel Associates, 2005). The proponents of e-learning argue that such technologymediated learning (also known as virtual, online or distance learning) may improve students’ achievement, their attitudes toward learning, and their evaluation of the learning experience. They also suggest that e-learning may help to increase student interaction and to make learning more student-centered. In addition, many researchers suggest that e-learning can potentially eliminate geographic barriers while providing increased convenience, flexibility, currency of material, retention of students, individualised learning and feedback over traditional classrooms (Piccoli, Ahmad, & Ives, 2001). In contrast, some researchers warn that e-learning may lead to the student feelings of isolation, frustration, anxiety and confusion. Furthermore, inappropriate e-learning practice may result in reduced interest in the subject matter and questionable learner achievement (Schank, 2001). The literature indicates that current research interests in e-learning fall into three areas: (1) measuring e-learning outcomes, (2) measuring preferences for learning methods, and (3) proposing and evaluating hybrid models. With respect to outcomes, the research has produced mixed evidence regarding the benefits of e-learning (Cho, 2002; Rosenberg, 2001; Urdan & Weggen, 2000; Yoo, 2002). With respect to methods, researchers are seeking to better understand learner preferences for one delivery system over another (Rivera, McAlister, & Rice, 2002). Finally, there is a growing interest in hybrid courses that meet in the traditional classroom for part of the course and meet online for another part (Reasons, 2004; Young, 2002). The main purpose of this article is to address the issue of user preferences of e-learning/traditional class in the context of a large Asian organisation and from the knowledge management (KM) perspective. In particular, the article examines employee-trainees’ perceptions and attitudes towards their corporate e-learning portal compared to the traditional classroom environment. The current study is a part of the ongoing research project on corporate e-learning by Handzic and Hoor (2005). The investigation was carried out in Korean Air, a global-sized airline that is ranked 12th for passenger transportation and 1st for cargo transportation in 2003. Korean Air flies to 87 cities in 31 countries and has offices worldwide. The company introduced its first e-learning course in 2001 and is gradually increasing the number of e-learning courses, in order to replace most of its on-site trainings with e-learning eventually. The focus of the current investigation was on the KALCC’s (Korean Air Lines Cyber Campus) Microsoft Word e-learning portal.

The objective of this chapter is to explore the social dynamics and the effectiveness benefits that a community of practice creates for its members in a knowledge-intensive IT industry. Social dynamics is examined in terms of informal and organised forms of socialisation processes. Effectiveness benefits were evaluated in terms of commitment, friendship, community satisfaction, process satisfaction, and trust. The results of the study indicate that organised socialisation had a significant positive impact on all aspects of community effectiveness, but no particularly outstanding effect. The results further indicate that informal socialisation had a stronger positive impact on community effectiveness than organised socialisation, except for process satisfaction. These findings confirm the value of socialisation for effective knowledge organisations, and suggest the need for strategies that would provide encouragement without overformalisation.