Background: In University Clinical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology is using reference data from 1974 developed for the infants born in Belgrade (Serbia). It estimates the standards of term infants for neonatal weight, length and head circumference. Aim: This study was create to develop charts for birth weight, lenght and head circumference specific to gestational age, gender and parity for term singleton infants in Tuzla Canton. Methods: The study was conducted at University Clinical Center Tuzla, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a primary obstetrical care facility for residents of Tuzla Canton over the one-year period. During the one year study period, 01.01.- 31.12.2009, there were 4106 infants born at 37th to 41th weeks of gestation (GW), 2168 (52.8 %) males and 1938 (47.2%) females. We analysed gestational age, birth weights, body length and head circumference. Results: Females infants of primiparae, born at 40th gestational week, had the lowest median birth weight, 3500 g, followed by female infants of multiparae, 3640 g, and male infants of primiparae, 3650 g. The greatest median birth weight, 3730 g, had male infants of multiparae. Median birth length value at the 40th gestational week for male infants of primiparae and multiparae, as well as female infants of multiparae is the same, 55 cm, while is lower in female infants of primiparae (54 cm). There is no difference in median head circumference at the 40th gestational week between female infants of primiparae and multiparae, and male infants of primiparae (35 cm). Mean birth weight and length of liveborn infants at 37. to 41. gestational week differed significantly between certain parities (F=8,723, Df=2, p<0,001; F=3,292, Df=2, p=0,037, respectively). No significant difference was found for head circumference (F=0,983, Df=2, p=0,374). Conclusion: The average birth weight of infants within Tuzla Canton is bigger in comparison with the centile that have been used so far.

Introduction: Craniocerebral injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among predominantly young population. Outcome prediction after head injury can be useful as an aid to clinical decision making, to explore possible pathological mechanisms and as part of the clinical audit process. Many studies have constructed predictive models for survival after traumatic brain injury, but these have often used expensive, time consuming or highly specialized measurements. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, yet easy to use, model involving only variables which are rapidly and easily clinically achievable in routine practice. Patients and methods: All consecutive patients older than 14 years with moderate or severe isolated head injury admitted to our department in period between 01.01.2007. and 30.06.2008. were enrolled in the study. Basic demographic and clinical data (Glasgow coma score, pupil size and reactivity, revised trauma score) were recorded. Outcome at 1 and 3 months after injury graded by GOS was used to construct a simple predictive model. Results: We analyzed records 82 patients with moderate or severe head injury according to GCS. Multiple logistic regression resulted in a model containing age (p=0.0001 ), GCS (p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure of the RTS (p < 0.0001; t=7.388) and pupil reactivity (p < 0.0001; t=-5.605) at admission as fair independent outcome predictors, with motor component of the GCS scale exhibiting greater predictive value over the entire GCS score (p < 0.0001; t=5.732). Conclusion: All four variables have previously been shown to be related to survival. All variables in the model are clinically simple and easy to measure rapidly resulting in a model that is clinically useful.

Introduction: Rehabilitation of patients after the stroke is very demanding and complex process, because in addition to damage of motor functions, the patients suffer from the range of other dysfunctions and complications. Timely and early initiation of rehabilitation treatment can reduce the degree of disability; it can result in increased mobility, independent functioning and shorter period of hospitalization. Aim: of this study was to determine the outcome of early rehabilitation treatment of patients suffering from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in relation to their age, sex, degree of disability, and activities of daily living. Subjects and methods: This was a prospective study, which included 50 patients suffering from ischemic stroke and 50 patients suffering from hemorrhagic stroke. All patients were tested on admission and discharge from the hospital. Age and sex of the patients was analyzed, in addition to Rankin scale, used for evaluation of functional disability, and Barthel index used for evaluation of activities of daily living. Results and discussion: The outcome of early rehabilitation treatment was negatively influenced by the older age of patients (p=0.03). Males showed significantly better functional recovery from females (p=0.03). The values of Rankin scale and Barthel index showed significant recovery in all patients on discharge ((p< 0.001), however, these values were statistically more significant in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (Rankin scale p=0.03; Barthel index p=0.04). Conclusion: Older age of patients negatively affects the outcome of early rehabilitation treatment. Male stroke patients showed better results of early rehabilitation treatment. The degree of disability is significantly reduced, while the degree of activity of daily living is significantly improved with the early rehabilitation treatment. However, this was more prominent in patients suffering from hemorrhagic stroke.

Background: The SCORAD index is most often used to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Hypersensitivity to food allergens is found in up to 60% of children with moderate to severe forms of the disorder and it is a significant cause of intensification of skin changes. Aim: The study was to assess the severity of AD and the presence of hypersensitivity to food allergen. Methods: The study comprised 114 children (56 boys and 58 girls) aged from 1.5 months to 14.9 years, with diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka’s criteria. The severity of the illness was assessed by the SCORAD index and the following were analysed to recognize hypersensitivity to food allergens: anamnesis data, total IgE antibodies, specific IgE antibodies and the results of the skin prick test (SPT) for food allergens. Results: 61.4% of children had a moderate form of the illness, the median SCORAD index was 28.5 points. There was a significant correlation with the total SCORAD index values for: spread (p< 0.0001), intensity (p<0.0001) and subjective signs (p<0.0001), as well as a correlation between the parameters: spread and intensity of changes (p < 0.0001); spread and subjective signs (p< 0.0001); intensity and subjective signs (p < 0.0001). Hypersensitivity to food allergens was found in 28% of children tested (history of hypersensitivity to food 47.5%, high total IgE antibodies 56.1%, SPT positive 32.4%, specific IgE antibodies to food allergens 28%), and the most frequent allergens responsible were cow’s milk, 12.3% and eggs in 5.3% children. Conclusion: The most common was the moderate form of illness, and hypersensitivity to food allergens was significantly present. By removal of the responsible allergen, we can contribute to a reduction in the intensity of changes.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. To date, 22 common breast cancer susceptibility loci have been identified accounting for ∼8% of the heritability of the disease. We attempted to replicate 72 promising associations from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in ∼70,000 cases and ∼68,000 controls from 41 case-control studies and 9 breast cancer GWAS. We identified three new breast cancer risk loci at 12p11 (rs10771399; P = 2.7 × 10−35), 12q24 (rs1292011; P = 4.3 × 10−19) and 21q21 (rs2823093; P = 1.1 × 10−12). rs10771399 was associated with similar relative risks for both estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive breast cancer, whereas the other two loci were associated only with ER-positive disease. Two of the loci lie in regions that contain strong plausible candidate genes: PTHLH (12p11) has a crucial role in mammary gland development and the establishment of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and NRIP1 (21q21) encodes an ER cofactor and has a role in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth.