The most significant individual prognostic factor for those suffering from NSCLC is cancer invasion of regional lymph nodes, which depends on pathomorphological characteristics of the primary disease. Cellular and histological atopy of the changed tissue means good predispositions for an early lymph invasion and lymphonodular metastasizing. The aim of the paper: a standard statistical analysis which includes frequency of the degree of malignant change differentiation, metastasizing in stages N1 and N2 and the statistical dependence of the mentioned variables. Patients and methods: a retrospective analysis covered 331 patients who underwent a surgical procedure after they had been diagnosed with NSCLC and it was also based on the definite pathohistological postresectional results which included the above mentioned characteristics in a descriptive manner. Results: the average age of the total number of patients was 62.69 ± 7.47. Males were more numerous than females (4.7:1). There was a significant statistic correlation between the development of the disease and the age (ch 2 test = 493.65; p< 0.05), as well as a significant difference of age in relation to gender (p< 0.05). G2 stage of the disease was the most frequent, with participation of 58.00%, and there was a significant statistical correlation between developing the disease and the level of differentiation ( ch 2 test= 248.13; p<0.05). The invasion of the node N1 was 44.61% and of N2 4.53%. There was a statistically significant correlation between N1 and N2 metastases and the level of differentiation of cancer (ch 2 test =24.74; p=0.00 vs. ch 2 test = 16.37; p=0.01). Conclusion: the domination of G2 stage and statistically significant correlation between the levels of differentiation and regional lymphonodular invasion.

There is a need for classifying and conserving local apple cultivars from two main regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH P < 0.001). Analysis of the genetic structure indicates that overall, approximately half of the local apple cultivars from Sarajevo and eastern Bosnia (52% and 45%, respectively) grouped in the RPP1 consisting mainly out of international reference cultivars, whereas the other half grouped in the RPP2 with traditional B&H reference cultivars. Both neighbor joining (NJ) cluster analysis based on Bruvo genetic distance and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) confirmed the results of the genetic structure analysis. The molecular data show that both apple accessions from Sarajevo and from eastern Bosnia represent an interesting source of diversity, which needs to be conserved.

In order to identify possible mislabeling of the apple accession maintained ex situ in Srebrenik and to gain insight into the genetic structure of the conserved germplasm, 14 accessions from the collection were genotyped using 10 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. Obtained SSR profiles were then added to an existing database constructed for previously characterized 24 traditional and 13 international, reference apple cultivars maintained at the same collection. Bayesian analysis implemented in the STRUCTURE program grouped 42 out of 51 analyzed apple accessions (38 traditional and 13 international) into three RPPs (reconstructed panmictic populations) with probability of membership qI higher than 75%. Almost all international, reference cultivars grouped in RPP3, whereas traditional B&H cultivars from the Srebrenik collection grouped in all three RPPs. Large and significant differentiations between all three individual RPPs were detected through the analyses of molecular variance and confirmed with FCA (factorial correspondence analyses). NJ cluster analysis, based on the Bruvo genetic distance, revealed that out of 38 traditional B&H apple cultivars, analyzed in the study, ‘Ljepocvjetka’, ‘Bobovec’ and ‘Bobovec J’ grouped closest to the international reference cultivars. Available date indicates that unlike a large number of B&H apple cultivars which were introduced during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, ‘Ljepocvjetka’ and ‘Bobovec’ were probably introduced at a later date. Cluster analyses also enabled the detection of one synonym and three homonyms within the collection. In four cases, previously conducted identification based on phenotypic analyses was confirmed by genetic analyses. Results of the structure analyses indicate a heterogeneous genetic structure of the analyzed accessions. This characteristic of the B&H apple germplasm could be useful for future breeding programs.