Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most common tumors in humans and is on the 14th place by frequency in the United States and it is at the 8th place by the mortality rate. In the world it takes seventh place by incidence. Today prevail the opinion and the surveys show, that it is twice as common in men as compared to women. Although there are advancements in diagnostics it must be noted that gastric cancer is still discovered late and when it already has metastasized, so that the therapeutic approach is limited and low survival rate. Patients and Methods: The study was retrospective-prospective, which covered the period from 2011 to 2012 and was performed at the Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University. The study included 50 patients with gastric cancer, 34 men and 16 women. All patients underwent gastroscopy and according to tumor lesions localization divided into 3 regions: cardia, corpus and antropyloric region. Tumor lesions were biopted with histologically confirmation of gastric wall cancer. All patients underwent CT of gastric wall, CT of the abdomen and in some cases EUS was performed also. Goal: To prove by available diagnostic methods (endoscopy, CT and EUS) the presence of gastric cancer, histologically validate it and determine localization according to regions. To determine by CT the thickness of the stomach wall or the penetration of tumor lesions, the presence of enlarged lymph nodes and possible metastases. Record by EUS the progression of malignant processes in depth to layers of the wall, surrounding tissue metastases and enlarged lymph nodes. Determine the correlation between the measured parameters. Results: Our study showed that the localization of tumors at the cardia was represented in 15.31%, corpus in 17.36% and antropyloric region 16.33%. Median age he was 65.5 years with a standard deviation of 11.04. We failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in verified findings by EUS and age as well as endoscopic findings and age. Also there is no statistically significant difference between the CT scan and endoscopy XT = 5.99 and α = 0.05 = 0.63 XE, XE XT) and endoscopic findings and age (XT = 3.84 at α = 0.01, = 0.01 XE, XE> XT). Conclusion: Our study showed that gastric cancer are more common in men than women, metastases were more common in the elderly population, there were no significant deviations from the endoscopic findings and CT findings. EUS was performed in a small number of patients and showed as a good method because it gave accurate information about the penetration depth. Endoscopy, EUS and CT are ideal methods in diagnostic and staging of gastric cancer before the surgery.

ABSTRACT Introduction: CEA and CA 19-9 are the most common tumor associated antigens used in the staging of patients with rectal cancer and other parts of the colon. Goal: of this study was to evaluate the value of CEA and CA 19-9 in serum of patients with colon cancer and prove its place in the diagnostic staging. Material and Methods: The study was retrospective-prospective performed at the Gastroenterohepatology Clinic, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University. The study included 91 hospitalized patients who had histologically confirmed diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma in 98% of cases. All patients underwent colonoscopy, targeted biopsy and measurement of CEA and CA 19-9 levels in serum. All of them underwent abdominal CT and MRI of the pelvis in case of rectal cancer. Results: The study analyzed 58 men and 33 women, mean age 66.6 years, with the youngest patient at age of 35 and the oldest at age of 89 years. The largest number of patients was aged 56-75 years. According to localization 77 patients had carcinoma located in the area of the rectum and sigma 37.4 and 37.4 in the rectostigmoid area and sigma. Metastases were observed in 37 patients, with predominance in the liver (22 cases) and both liver and lungs (5 cases). CEA and CA 19-9 were determined in all cases but patients with metastases had high values, especially in the two cases of cecoascendent colon cancer where detected values were extremely high (1789ng/ml and 10780U/ml). Values of CA19 -9 were significantly higher (p<0.05). CEA mean values were highest in patients aged over 75 years. In case of CA 19-9 high mean values have been recorded in patients aged over 75 years with statistically significant differences between the age groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: CEA and CA19-9 are cancer antigens that are late markers of carcinogenesis, with significantly elevated serum concentrations in case of colon cancer with already developed metastases. Older age group of patient has significantly elevated levels of both antigens. Cancer was twice more common in men than in women.

ABSTRACT Goal: Determine correlation between complications and stage of the disease and their impact on quality of life in patients with different types of ileal urinary derivation after radical cystectomy, and upon estimation of acquired results, to suggest the most acceptable type of urinary diversion. Patients and methods: In five year period a prospective clinical study was performed on 106 patients, to whom a radical cystectomy was performed due to bladder cancer. Patients were divided into two groups, 66 patients with ileal conduit derivation and 40 patients with orthotopic derivation, whereby in each group a comparison between reflux and anti-reflux technique of orthotopic bladder was made. All patients from both groups filled the Sickness Impact Profile score six months after the operation. All patients had CT urography or Intravenous urography performed, as well as standard laboratory, vitamin B12 blood values, in order to evaluate early (ileus or subileus, wound dehiscence, bladder fistula, rupture of orthotopic bladder, urine extravazation) and late complications (VUR, urethral stricture, ureter stenosis, metabolic acidosis, mineral dis-balance, hypovitaminosis of vitamin B12, increased resorption of bone calcium, urinary infection, kidney damage, relapse of primary disease), so as disease stage and it’s impact on quality of life. Results: From gained results we observe that each category of SIP score correlates with different rate of correlation with the type of operation, group, T, N, and R grade, except work category. Average value of SIP score rises depending on the type of operation and T stage. It is notable that there is no difference in T1 stage, no matter the type of operation. So the average value of SIP score in T1 stage for conduit was 20.3, for Abol-Enein and Ghoneim 17.25 and Hautmann 18.75 respectively. Average value of SIP score in T2 stage for conduit was 31, for Abol-Enein and Ghoneim 19.1 and Hautmann 17.8. Average value of SIP score in T3 stage for conduit was 38.03, for Abol-Enein and Ghoneim 18.75 and Hautmann 19.5. SIP score for T4 was present only in patients with conduit performed and average value od SIP score was 40.42. There is a high level of correlation of late complications and psychosocial and physical dimension with their parameters, while for an independent dimension of correlation is not significant. Early complications have insignificant correlation in all categories of SIP score. Conclusion: Upon analyzing quality of life and morbidity, significant advantage is given to orthotopic derivations, especially Hautmann derivation with Chimney modification, unless there are no absolute contraindications for performing this type of operation. Factors which mostly influence quality of life are cancer stage, type of derivation, late complications and patient age. SIP score, as a well validated questionnaire, are applicable in this kind of research.

UDK 613.164:711.4]:630*27(497.6 Sarajevo) Noise represents any unwanted, too loud, unpleasant or unexpected sound which negatively affects physical and/or mental health of people. Noise impedes human activities, causes indisposition, irritability, unrest, mental health and behaviour issues, fatigue and sleep deprivation, and even aggressive behaviour with noise volumes above 80 dB. In urban areas, i.e. all the places man lives and works in, the noise people are exposed to daily is called environmental, communal or general noise. Communal noise is a major problem of the closer human environment, especially in urban areas. One reliable means of protection against communal noise is an array of different green plantations. They absorb sound waves and thus lower the level of noise. The larger the density and depth of the plantations, the higher the level of noise protection, and the effectiveness also depends on the character of the plantations (composition, layout of different plants, construction, density, the presence of undergrowth and the shrub layer, height, etc.). In relation to the abovementioned, measuring communal noise in two distinctive locations in Sarajevo was conducted within this paper. The main objective of these measurings is to ascertain, in relation to allowable values (Law on noise protection in Sarajevo Canton), whether and to which degree communal noise exceeds the legally prescribed levels. Apart from that, the framework of this paper strives to ascertain the level to which city greenery affects lowering noise levels. The results show that the measured noise levels in both localities exceed the allowable values regulated by law to a great extent. It is also ascertained that city greenery lowers the noise level by approximately 8%,thus the paper presents recommendations on the method of erecting city greenery for purposes of noise protection.

As reações hansênicas são um dos maiores problemas para os profissionais de saúde no manejo dos portadores de hanseníase, tornando o controle das mesmas de fundamental importância para evitar complicações clínicas e sociais. A assiduidade às consultas para avaliação e controle é essencial para a cura. Este estudo avaliou a influência dos fatores sócio-demográficos e clínicos na adesão ao tratamento em estado reacional em um ambulatório de referência. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo série de casos, em pacientes em controle no ambulatório do NMT/UFPA nos anos de 2008 a 2009. Os resultados mostraram que pacientes do sexo masculino, adultos e com baixa escolaridade foram os mais acometidos pela hanseníase. As reações hansênicas do tipo1(RR) foram as mais incidentes, tendo como principal queixa a dor. Apesar dos resultados não terem mostrado associação, com significância estatística, entre as variáveis estudadas e a não adesão ao tratamento, eles evidenciaram variáveis que interferem na assiduidade às consultas.

In this paper simulation model which enables quick analysis of elastic rotor natural frequency modes is developed using Matlab. This simulation model enables users to get dependency diagram of natural frequency in relation to diameter and length of the rotor,density of the material or modulus of elasticity. Testing of the model is done using numerical analysis in SolidWorks software.

A novel heterometallic oxalate-based compound, {Ba2(H2O)5[TaO(C2O4)3]HC2O4}·H2O (1), was obtained by using an (oxalato)tantalate(V) aqueous solution as a source of the complex anion and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Compound 1 is a three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymer with the Ta atom connected to eight neighboring Ba atoms through the oxalate ligands and the oxo oxygen group. Thermal treatment of 1 up to 1200 °C leads to molecular precursor-to-material conversion that yields the mixed-metal γ-Ba4Ta2O9 phase. This high-temperature γ-Ba4Ta2O9 polymorph has the 6H-perovskite structure (space group P6(3)/m), in which the Ta2O9 face-sharing octahedral dimers are interconnected via corners to the regular BaO6 octahedra. To date, γ-Ba4Ta2O9 has never been obtained at room temperature, because of the reduction of symmetry (P6(3)/m → P2(1)/c) that usually occurs during the cooling. Spectroscopic, optical, photocatalytic, and electrical properties of the obtained γ-Ba4Ta2O9 phase were investigated. In addition to the experimental data, an absorption spectrum and band structure of the γ-Ba4Ta2O9 polymorph were calculated using density functional theory.