This paper presents a method based on inverse kinematics with task specification for online human to humanoid motion imitation. We particularly focus on the problem of lifting and placing feet on the floor during the motion, allowing change of support during stepping or locomotion. The approach avoids the use of motion primitives that limit the robot motions to what had been learned. A direct transposition of movements is generated, allowing the robot to move freely in space as the human model does, at a velocity close to the reference one. The approach is validated on the humanoid robot NAO and shows very promising results for the use of online motion imitation.

Consider the question whether a cyber security investment is cost-effective. The result will depend on the expected frequency of attacks. Contrary to what is referred to as threat event frequencies or hazard rates in safety risk management, frequencies of targeted attacks are not independent from system design, due to the strategic behaviour of attackers. Although there are risk assessment methods that deal with strategic attackers, these do not provide expected frequencies as outputs, making it impossible to integrate those in existing (safety) risk management practices. To overcome this problem, we propose to extend the FAIR (Factor Analysis of Information Risk) framework to support malicious, targeted attacks. Our approach is based on (1) a clear separation of system vulnerability and environmental threat event frequencies, and (2) deriving threat event frequencies from attacker resources and attacker strategies rather than estimating them directly, drawing upon work in adversarial risk analysis. This approach constitutes an innovative way to quantify expected attack frequencies as a component of (information) security metrics for investment decisions.

Existing methods for security risk analysis typically estimate time, cost, or likelihood of success of attack steps. When the threat environment changes, such values have to be updated as well. However, the estimated values reflect both system properties and attacker properties: the time required for an attack step depends on attacker skill as well as the strength of a particular system component. In the TRESPASS project, we propose the separation of attacker and system properties. By doing so, we enable “plug-and-play” attacker profiles: profiles of adversaries that are independent of system properties, and thus can be re- used in the same or different organisation to compare risk in case of different attacker profiles. We demonstrate its application in the framework of attack trees, as well as our new concept of attack navigators.

INTRODUCTION In Serbia, there have been no broad campaigns or educational programs focused on adolescents' sun protection. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess whether an educational program would have impact on changes of attitudes and sun-protective behaviors of high school students. More specific aim was to examine whether sex and age differences in sun behavior exists. METHODS Educational program was designed to provoke changes in attitudes towards sun protection and sun behavior. The investigation was carried out in Belgrade, Serbia in two educational cycles, during spring 2007 and 2008. Sixteen- and 17-year old high schools students were targeted and assessed before and after the educational intervention by means of self-report questionnaire designed for this study (about skin types and sun behavior). The students' attitudes towards sun protection and sun behavior before and after the educational intervention were compared and analyzed by the Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression analyses. In the second educational cycle (2008) age and gender differences in sun behavior were analyzed. RESULTS Overall 3205 students in 2007, and 2155 students in 2008 year from 11 high schools participated. A statistically significant behavior change was observed for the use of sunglasses in 2007--the number of students using them increased from 41.6% to 45.6% (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in other ways of protection i.e. sunscreen use, protective clothes or staying in shade. CONCLUSION Educational program had an impact, but broader activities involving schools, local communities and media are needed for significant changes in sun behavior and attitude.

Inequalities in healthbehaviors exist between regions of Europe, along a North West/South East axis. This study investigated whether prevalence of walking to school and associated psychosocial antecedents differed between these two European regions. Participants were 1,263 children aged 7-11 years, from five countries. Children from North West Europe (n = 641) and South East Europe (n = 622) completed a school travel questionnaire that measured demographics, school commuting mode, travel companion, feelings about their local area, and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related to walking to school. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate differences in TBP variables between children from the two regions of Europe. More children from South East Europe walked to school (70.8%) compared to those in the North West (47%). For the TPB variables, a significant multivariate main effect for region was found (Wilks' λ=.94, F (4, 1201)=20.55, pp. Inequalities in walking to school exist between European regions. Children from South East Europe walk to school more than their counterparts from the North West. However children from North West Europe display higher scores on TPB variables, suggesting that psychosocial constructs related to walking to school may not explain rates of engagement in this behaviour.