UDK: 595.42:582.685.4(497.6 Sarajevo) Urban green areas in Sarajevo are of the most importance for the overall appearance of the city and the quality of life in it. In recent years there has been a decline in the area under vegetation. The main reason for the loss and degradation of green areas is anthropogenic factor which predisposes urban greenery with its activities to various other biotic and abiotic factors. Air pollution, drought, high temperatures, soil and water pollution are group of abiotic factors which synergetic cause physiological changes in plant species. The fall of physiological resistance causes exposure of plants to biotic factors, especially insects, fungi, and recently mites. In this paper, the research was conducted in order to determine the identification of harmful species of mites on the linden trees and determine the intensity of infection. Linden trees are designed as an avenue that stretches from Suada and Olga Bridge to the TV home in Alipašino Polje. Identification was based on symptoms established on the leaf material directly in the field and in the laboratory with the use of microscopes and binoculars. Laboratory studies were carried out at the Faculty of Forestry in Sarajevo. The intensity of infection of trees was determined HAWKSWORH'S six class system (1986). A total of 200 trees were analyzed of which is the 136 infected by phytophagous mites. We identified five types of mites. Found species belonged to the family Eriophyidae and Tetranychidae. Following types of mites are identified from the first family: Eriophyestiliae (Eriophyoidea), Eriophyestiliaelateannulatus (Eriophyoidea), Eriophyesexilis (Eriophyoidea), and Eriophyesleiosoma (Eriophyoidea). From other family revealed the presence of mite Eotetranychustiliarum (Tetranychoidea). The result of research conducted in the period from May to August showed a tendency of all recorded species of mites to the lower parts of the tree crown and going to the higher parts their numbers are decreasing.

UDK: 630*228(234.422 Bjelašnica)(253) This work researches structural composition, texture and diversity of development phases of virgin forest „Ravna vala“ on Bjelašnica. Virgin forest „Ravna vala“ is located in central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, about 20 km south west from Sarajevo on mountain Bjelašnica, on altitude of 1280 to 1450 m. First time it was described in 1978. Within it we have positioned permanent plot of the square shape in size of 1 ha. Research was conducted on permanent plot in three time series: in years 1978, 1988 and 2008, and on 46 temporary systematically positioned circular plots in diameter of 12.6 meters, where each represents as per 1 ha of virgin forest area. In virgin forest we have registered 689 trees per hectare and wood supply mass of 701 m3/ha. Through analysis of dynamics of growth of specific species trees, it is visible that beech suppresses fir, i.e. there is a shift in main species in virgin forest, therefore, in the last 30 years number of beech trees has tripled in the lower diameter classes. Virgin forest has mostly present optimum phase and evenness phase, and rejuvenation phase. Texture diversity is expressed through Shannon index in value of 1.69, and evenness index has the value of 0.86.

BACKGROUND The student population is at higher risk of acquiring sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) and accounts for a higher incidence of unplanned pregnancies due to a combination of lifestyle and environmental reasons. AIM To determine the attitudes of medical students towards contraception. METHODS A total of 190 students of the School of Medicine of University of Mostar attending four different-academic years participated in this cross-sectional study. Attitudes of participants towards contraception were examined using an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS Sexually active students accounted for 61.1% of participants, of which 52.6% regularly used contraception. The most common method of contraception was male condom (90.3%). The main reason for contraception was to avoid pregnancy (64.1%). Students with higher medical education (p<0.001) and students with non-religious views (p=0.004) had positive attitudes towards contraception. There were no gender differences on contraception views. CONCLUSION Students with higher medical education and those with non-religious views had positive attitudes towards contraception. Therefore, education on contraception assumes its wider use, which is an important measure to reduce the incidence of STDs and unwanted pregnancies in high-risk population.

UDK: 630*92(4) Social, economical and political changes in South-east European countries have led to significant shift from traditional pattern of forest policy to new, more complex paradigm when it comes to forestry and forest resources management. Among other things, this implies increasing of private forest owners’ heterogeneity which is reflected in changes of their expectations, objectives, attitudes and management practices. In this context, it is important to explore how private forest owners obtain information useful for forest management but also to analyze in which way their characteristics influence fulfilling of informational needs. The objective of this paper was to analyse sources of information that private forest owners are most likely to use, and to assess how owners’ characteristics, property conditions as well as management behaviour, affect it. Surveys were conducted in Bosnia-Herzegovina (n=350), Serbia (n=350), Croatia (n=350) and Slovenia (n=322) on random samples of private forest owners while the data were analysed by using logistic regression model. The paper examined five models of information providers: private forest owners associations (1), relatives (2), public forest administration (3), other owners (4) and public forest companies (5). Comparison between countries indicates the differences regarding to informational providers, caused mainly due to importance of private forests to their owners and different organizational structure of national forest sectors. Comparing to other countries, it seems that Slovenian private forest owners are more active in searching for information. Public forest administration is the most preferable provider of information in Slovenia while in Bosnia-Herzegovina these are public forest companies and public forest administration. In Serbia and Croatia the most common providers of information are public forest companies. Only Slovenian private forest owners use interest associations as the source of information. The traditional providers of information (other owners) are still important for private forest owners in Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina at least. The results of logistic regression models reveal that forest property size, fragmentation, harvesting activities as well as owners’ age influence the source of information that private forest owners are most likely to use. The model 3 (pubic forest administration) is statistically significant in Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, while in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina the model 5 (public forest company) is significant. None of the models is statistically significant for Croatia. Besides, the model 4 (other owners) was statistically significant in Slovenia.

UDK: 581.55:582.632.2(436) The position of the Illyrian vegetation provinces in the Western Balkans was established a long time ago (e.g.: BECK 1901, ADAMOVIĆ 1907…) Illyrian space is linked to: Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia. Karawanke – An alpine mountain represents the border between Austria and Slovenia but also represents a border area of ​​the Illyrian provinces. Determining phytogeographical affiliation forest communities of beech becomes very important from the aspect of protection under Natura 2000. According to the requirements Nautra 2000 Illyrian beech forests (91K0 - alliance: Aremonio - Fagion), are summaries of interest for protection in Austria. Therefore, it is important to determine vegetational - floristic characteristics of beech forests on Karawankas, from which one could conclude their phytogeographical affiliation. The research in beech forest, (forestry office Hollenburg) have showed the following beech community Anemone trifoliae - Fagetum laricetosum TREGUBOV 1957 (syn.: Larici - Fagetum ROBIČ 1971 /n.nudum./ and syn .: Fagetum subalpinum var. geogr. Larix decidua MARINČEK, POLDINI, ZUPANČIČ 1986); Anemone trifoliae - Fagetum typicum TREGUBOV 1957 var. Carex alba MARINČEK, POLDINI, ZUPANČIČ 1986; Salvio Glutinosae - Fagetum ZUKRIGl, 1988. Based on floristic characteristics, their structure, syndinamics, it can be concluded that the first two beech communities cannot be classified as the Illyrian beech forests, while community Salvio glutinosae - Fagetum shows similarity with the Illyrian beech forests fresh Aremonio - Fagion (Natura 2000 at 91K0).

A matching M in a graph G is maximal if it cannot be extended to a larger matching in G . In this paper we show how several chemical and technical problems can be successfully modeled in terms of maximal matchings. We introduce the maximal matching polynomial and study its basic properties. Then we enumerate maximal matchings in several classes of graphs made by a linear or cyclic concatenation of basic building blocs. We also count maximal matchings in joins and corona products of some classes of graphs.

Malignant phyllodes tumor is a rare breast malignancy with sarcomatous overgrowth and with limited effective treatment options for recurrent and metastatic cases. Recent clinical trials indicated a potential for anti-angiogenic, anti-EGFR and immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with sarcomas, which led us to investigate these and other targetable pathways in malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. Thirty-six malignant phyllodes tumors (including 8 metastatic tumors with two cases having matched primary and metastatic tumors) were profiled using gene sequencing, gene copy number analysis, whole genome expression, and protein expression. Whole genome expression analysis demonstrated consistent over-expression of genes involved in angiogenesis including VEGFA, Angiopoietin-2, VCAM1, PDGFRA, and PTTG1. EGFR protein overexpression was observed in 26/27 (96%) of cases with amplification of the EGFR gene in 8/24 (33%) cases. Two EGFR mutations were identified including EGFRvIII and a presumed pathogenic V774M mutation, respectively. The most common pathogenic mutations included TP53 (50%) and PIK3CA (15%). Cases with matched primary and metastatic tumors harbored identical mutations in both sites (PIK3CA/KRAS and RB1 gene mutations, respectively). Tumor expression of PD-L1 immunoregulatory protein was observed in 3/22 (14%) of cases. Overexpression of molecular biomarkers of increased angiogenesis, EGFR and immune checkpoints provides novel targeted therapy options in malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast.

The search for biomarkers that characterize specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has received substantial interest in the past years and is moving forward rapidly with the help of modern technologies. Nevertheless, there is a direct demand to identify adequate biomarkers for predicting and evaluating therapeutic response to different therapies. In this subset, pharmacogenetics deserves more attention as part of the endeavor to provide personalized medicine. The ultimate goal in this area is the adjustment of medication for a patient's specific genetic background and thereby to improve drug efficacy and safety rates. The aim of the following review is to utilize the latest knowledge on immunopathogenesis of IBD and update the findings on the field of Immunology and Genetics, to evaluate the response to the different therapies. In the present article, more than 400 publications were reviewed but finally 287 included based on design, reproducibility (or expectancy to be reproducible and translationable into humans) or already measured in humans. A few tests have shown clinical applicability. Other, i.e., genetic associations for the different therapies in IBD have not yet shown consistent or robust results. In the close future it is anticipated that this, cellular and genetic material, as well as the determination of biomarkers will be implemented in an integrated molecular diagnostic and prognostic approach to manage IBD patients.

In this paper we study the notion of a graded $\Omega$-group $(X,+,\Omega),$ but graded in the sense of M.~Krasner, i.e., we impose nothing on the grading set except that it is nonempty, since operations of $\Omega$ and the grading of $(X,+)$ induce operations (generally partial) on the grading set. We prove that graded $\Omega$-groups in Krasner's sense are determined up to isomorphism by their homogeneous parts, which, with respect to induced operations, represent partial structures called $\Omega$-\emph{homogroupoids}, thus narrowing down the theory of graded $\Omega$-groups to the theory of $\Omega$-homogroupoids. This approach already proved to be useful in questions regarding A. V. Kelarev's $S$-graded rings inducing $S,$ where $S$ is a partial cancellative groupoid. Particularly, in this paper we prove that the homogeneous subring of a Jacobson $S$-graded ring inducing $S$ is Jacobson under certain assumptions. We also discuss the theory of prime radicals for $\Omega$-homogroupoids thus extending results of A.~V.~Mikhalev, I.~N.~Balaba and S.~A.~Pikhtilkov in a natural way. We study some classes of $\Omega$-homogroupoids for which the lower and upper weakly solvable radicals coincide and also, study the question of the homogeneity of the prime radical of a graded ring.

Abstract Background. Endovascular embolization is a treatment of choice for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, but sometimes is complicated with perianeurysmal oedema. The aim of our study was to establish incidence and outcomes of perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to reveal possible risk factors for development of this potentially serious complication. Methods. In total 119 adult patients with endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (performed at Department for Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia) were included in our study. The embolizations were made by electrolite-detachable platinum coils: pure platinum, hydrophilic and combination of platinum and hydrophilic coils. Primary outcome variable was perianeurysmal oedema visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 7, 30 and 90 days after the embolization. Results. The perianurysmal oedema appeared in 47.6% of patients treated with hydrophilic coils, in 21.6% of patients treated with platinum coils, and in 53.8% of those treated with mixed type of the coils. The multivariate logistic regression showed that variables associated with occurrence of perianeurysmal oedema are volume of the aneurysm, hypertension, diabetes and smoking habit. Hypertension is the most important independent predictor of the perianeurysmal oedema, followed by smoking and diabetes. Conclusions. The results of our study suggest that older patients with larger unruptured intracranial aneurysms, who suffer from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and have the smoking habit, are under much higher risk of having perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling.