The dimer Mott insulator $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ exhibits unusual electrodynamic properties. Numerical investigations of the electronic ground state and the molecular and lattice vibrations reveal the importance of the Cu$_2$(CN)$_3^-$ anion network coupled to the BEDT-TTF molecules: The threefold cyanide coordination of copper and linkage isomerism in the anion structure cause a loss of symmetry, frustration, disorder, and domain formation. Our findings consistently explain the temperature and po\-lar\-i\-zation-dependent THz and infrared measurements, reinforce the understanding of dielectric properties and have important implications for the quantum spin-liquid state, which should be treated beyond two-dimensional, purely electronic models.

The elbow joint is a complex joint, which, when impaired in function, leads to severe disability. In some cases however, an arthroplasty might be an appropriate treatment. In the past four decades, large steps have been taken to optimize this treatment in order to achieve better post-operative outcomes. To understand these progresses and to discover aspects for upcoming improvements, we present a review on the past developments, the present state of affairs and future developments which may improve patient care further.

Adherence is tremendously important for efficiency and safety of pharmacotherapy and has a significant influence on its clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes, which can be observed both on the individual level of the patient as well as on the overall healthcare system. The inadequate degree of adherence is a long-lasting and widely present problem which can have immense and long-term consequences. Therefore, the issue of adherence is a big challenge for medical professionals in clinical practice. The concept of adherence is based on cooperation between patients and medical team members in the process of therapy management. It is focused on patients and implies a two-way transfer of information, agreement and shared responsibility for success in realization of adequate therapy regime and defined goals. Although there are numerous methods for adherence assessment, the evaluation of this parameter is still considered problematic. The complexity of adherence can be seen in its multidimensionality since numerous factors which individually and in mutual interaction affect medicine-taking behavior and thus create a framework that determines the achieved level of adherence have been identified and analyzed. Considering the fact that poor adherence is one of the main preventable causes of unsatisfactory therapy results and excessive costs of medical care, it is evidently necessary to ensure a high quality base in the form of knowledge, skills and motivation at the healthcare system level for adherence evaluation and improvement, as well as a multidisciplinary approach based on coordinated activities of healthcare policy creators, researchers and medical professionals. Acta Medica Medianae 2016;55(1):51-58.

Data from Slovene national primary immunodeficiency (PID) registry are presented. Besides clinical and genetic data of patients with PID, quality indicators in patient care are included. Data are systematically collected in Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology in collaboration with physicians of different specialities. Increasing number and spectrum of PID are recognised in Slovenia. After establishment of Slovene multidisciplinary group in PID care in 2007 thorough immunological and genetic diagnostics, subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement and treatment of PID with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation were introduced in routine clinical practice in Slovenia. Increased medium age of PID patients reflects improved survival and better recognition of PID in adults. According to the data in comparable registries percentages of patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies and complement deficiencies are low and high, respectively.

Summary Cholesterol deficiency, a new autosomal recessive inherited genetic defect in Holstein cattle, has been recently reported to have an influence on the rearing success of calves. The affected animals show unresponsive diarrhea accompanied by hypocholesterolemia and usually die within the first weeks or months of life. Here, we show that whole genome sequencing combined with the knowledge about the pedigree and inbreeding status of a livestock population facilitates the identification of the causative mutation. We resequenced the entire genomes of an affected calf and a healthy partially inbred male carrying one copy of the critical 2.24‐Mb chromosome 11 segment in its ancestral state and one copy of the same segment with the cholesterol deficiency mutation. We detected a single structural variant, homozygous in the affected case and heterozygous in the non‐affected carrier male. The genetic makeup of this key animal provides extremely strong support for the causality of this mutation. The mutation represents a 1.3kb insertion of a transposable LTR element (ERV2‐1) in the coding sequence of the APOB gene, which leads to truncated transcripts and aberrant splicing. This finding was further supported by RNA sequencing of the liver transcriptome of an affected calf. The encoded apolipoprotein B is an essential apolipoprotein on chylomicrons and low‐density lipoproteins, and therefore, the mutation represents a loss of function mutation similar to autosomal recessive inherited familial hypobetalipoproteinemia‐1 (FHBL1) in humans. Our findings provide a direct gene test to improve selection against this deleterious mutation in Holstein cattle.