The OG and WC represent the crown of each athlete’s career, so it is the same with gymnasts. The aims of this study it was investigate the historical analysis of the chronological age trend of all participants of men’s artistic gymnastics who have won medals in the period between 1896 and 2016 has been made. The examinees were gymnasts who had won medals at the following competitions: Olympic Games (OG) from 1896 to 2016 (n=1177) and World Championships (WC) from 1903 to 2015 (n=1651). The oldest gymnasts are on the Rings with an average age on (OG: M = 26.48, SD = 3.85) and (WC: M = 40.23, SD = 3.50) years old, and the youngest in the same are contestants (OG: Floor = 23.09, SD = 3.88) and (WC: M = 7.86 SD = 4.02). The results of independent t test were significant difference between OG and WC on Pommel horse (PH), Rings (RI), Paralell bars (PB), All-around individual (AAI) first place and Paralell bars (PB) first place. Changes in the General Rules and Code of Points by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique after 1997 years the trend is a significant change only on WC but not on OG. Since artistic gymnastics becomes each Olympic cycle over more demanding in terms of complexity and difficulty value of the elements, it is expected fact that gymnasts need more time to acquire stability, experience and safety when performing such complex exercises in future.

Summary Background: Good glycoregulation at patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for prevention of many complications, including those in oral cavity. Results of numerous studies indicate that xerostomia and neurosensory oral disorders are present in type 2 diabetics. A review of the literature shows contradictory results about prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of xerostomia, neurosensory disorders and mucosal lesions in oral cavity of type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study involved 90 adults, 60 with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects, aged 45-65 years. With regard to value of HbA1c level diabetics were divided into two groups: 30 subjects with satisfactory glycoregulation (HbA1c<9%) and 30 subjects with poor glycoregulation (HbA1c≥9%). All patients recruited into the study completed a questionnaire that included their demographic, medical and oral health data. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed by a single examiner. Results: In relation to the presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia between satisfactory controlled diabetics and healthy subjects a significant difference was observed (p<0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, poor controlled diabetics had significantly higher presence of xerostomia (p<0.001) and neurosensory disoders (p<0.05). A higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found in poor controlled diabetics, but significant difference between groups was not observed (p>0.05). A significant positive correlation was revealed between smoking and glossodynia as well as smoking and glossopyrosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemic control level seems to influence the susceptibility of type 2 diabetics to xerostomia and neurosensory disorders. Less clear is whether diabetes are corellated to oral mucosal lesions.

Summary Introduction Local therapy of denture stomatitis (DS) associated with Candida species fungi infection usually involves the application of nystatin and miconazole. Due to the fact that these drugs may be less efficient against biofilm and possible resistance development, a new approach in the treatment includes the use of antiseptic agents. The aim of the study was to compare clinical and microbiological therapeutic outcomes of antiseptic solution Listerine® and Daktanol® antifungal oral gel in the treatment of DS associated with Candida species fungi. Material and Methods The study included 30 patients affected by DS, divided into the two treatment groups, control group (n=15) treated by Daktanol® gel and experimental group (n=15) treated by the antiseptic solution Listerine®. Successful treatment was evaluated based on palatal mucosa inflammation reduction classified according to the Newton classification and the difference in the number of fungal colony- forming units (CFU) isolated by smears before and after the treatment that lasted 14 days. Results Reduction in inflammation intensity and fungal CFU number on palatal mucosa (p<0,01) as well as on denture base (p<0,01) were observed in both groups of subjects after the treatment. Conclusion Antiseptic solution Listerine® and Daktanol® antifungal gel both reduced palatal mucosal inflammation and CFU number of fungi in mouth without significant differences among them. CFU number of fungi isolated from denture base was significantly lower after the treatment with Listerine® (p<0.05).

Introduction: Patients with cerebral palsy (CP), besides the basic neurological damage, are also often undernourished. Adequate nutrition for children is very important during the period of intensive growth and development, which is of particular importance in patients with CP. Goal: To evaluate the nutritional status of patients with CP who are treated at the Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Centre of Sarajevo University and causes of malnutrition in these patients. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with CP underwent anthropometric assessment (body weight, body height, body mass index, head circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness and mid upper arm muscle circumference). Severity of CP was classified based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). We compared the anthropometric parameters of our patients with normal values of healthy children, as well as with degree of motor impairment, oromotor dysfunction, feeding assistance, length of meals and daily feeding time. Results: There were significant differences in all monitored parameters in relation to normal values, with 38 (47.5%) malnourished patients in the total group, out of which 29 (63.0%) with severe motor impairment and with 9 (11.3%) obese patients in the total group. The presence of oromotor dysfunction and other monitored parameters had a significant impact on the nutritional status of these patients. Conclusion: In severely disabled patients with CP there is a risk of profound malnutrition. Early identification and treatment of these patients is very important for their growth, development and health.

Introduction: Modern pediatric cardiology mainly deals with congenital heart defects (CHD), as the most common congenital anomalies. In most cases CHD requires surgical or interventional treatment. Goal: The goal of the research was to evaluate CHD treatment at Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center (UCC) Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). UCC Sarajevo is the only institution in B&H where cardiac treatment of CHD in pediatric population is performed. Pediatric cardiosurgery has started to develop in Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 1997. Patients and methods: Study included 745 patients (period from April 1997 to January 2017). Results: Cardiac treatment was performed on 745 patients with CHD, 541 (72.6%) of them were acyanotic patients and 204 (27.4%) were cyanotic patients. Reoperation was performed in 49 (6.5%) of patients. Out of total number of patients, 59 (7.9%) died. In 660 children (88.5%) a complete correction and in 85 (11.5%) a palliative operation/correction was performed. Defects with left to right shunt were present in 397 (53.2%) patients, complex heart defects with Tetralogy of Fallot in 173 (23.2%), obstructive heart defects in 106 (14.2%), obstructive heart defects with shunt in 53 (7.1%), and others in 16 (2.1%) of patients. During surgery, extracorporeal circulation was regulated in 554 (74.3%) patients. Peri and early postoperative complications occurred in 180 (24.1%) of patients. During this period 24 pacemakers were implanted and 24 radiofrequency ablations were performed. Conclusion: Results of CHD cardiac treatment in childhood, which took place simultaneously, followed by the contractual joint programs and individual work of the Bosnian and Herzegovinian team has reached the highest level in the last two years, not only by the number, type and complexity of corrected CHD, but also by the age and body weight of the patients who underwent surgery, and development of invasive procedures, arrhytmology, pacemaker placement, intensive peri and postoperative treatment. That led pediatric cardiac surgery of UCC Sarajevo, to a position of leading center in the region.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to identify the most frequent isolates from female outpatients with urinary tract infection. Material and methods: The retrospective study was performed at the Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo in period of 2015. The most frequent isolates were determined in 405 first urine samples from female outpatients of Hrasno community in Sarajevo, B&H. Identification of isolates was performed by the standard microbiological testing and the standard methods of descriptive statistics as well. Results: E. coli was identified with the frequency of (67.21%), followed by Proteus spp. (9.83%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.37%) and Enterobacter (5.73%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas spp. were found in (2.45%), while the frequency of Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. was lower (1.63%). Conclusions: The isolated strains of E. coli pointed the highest frequency among female outpatients of Hrasno community.

Abstract Adaptation mechanisms as response to water content, oxygen level and pollutants are very important and they can be interpreted by hematological analysis. The aim of this study was the analysis of hematological and immune adaptations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) to thermal stress. All specimens were divided into a control and experimental group. The control group of fish was exposed to a constant water temperature of 10°C. We induced thermal stress in experimental fish by gradually heating water to 28°C, held for 30 minutes and then comparing the obtained results with the control fish. Short-term hyperthermia lead to an increase of the number of leukocytes, especially pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes, while the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was reduced. The analysis of the leukocyte number and differential blood count in the control group showed high individual variation of segmented granulocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes. Statistically significant differences (p=0.00) were found for the white blood cells, nonsegmented neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. The experimental group of males had an increased number of white blood cells, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, where significant differences were found for nonsegmented and total neutrophils and also for pseudoeosinophils (p=0.00), lymphocytes (p=0.01) and monocytes (p=0.03). Females had an increased total number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, while significant differences (p=0.00) were obtained in the number of white blood cells, nonsegmented and total neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. Adaptation mechanisms in carp after water temperature heating are mostly reflected in the increase of pseudoeosinophils and the decrease of neutrophils.

Goal: The goal of this study was the determination of the effects in treatment of early stage (<IIB) and locally advanced stages (≥IIB) of uterine cervical carcinoma by using MRI. Material and Methods: The study was a prospective, comparative, analytical, and observational and included 74 patients with cervical cancer (PH confirmed). All 74 patients have initially gone through the pre-therapeutic MRI to determine the tumour FIGO stage. At a renewal of the initial MRI findings, patients were divided into two study groups: group A and group B. Group A consisted from 39 patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma (<IIB) and group B comprised from 35 patients with locally advanced stage (≥IIB). Postterapeutic MRI control, were perfomed in both group (A and B). Further MRI examinations were set for the patients from both groups. Results: An analysis of treatment outcomes in group A showed that most patients had no local recurrence or residuum disease in 89.7%, while local recurrence was observed in only 10.3% cases. An analysis of treatment outcomes in group B showed that most patients had complete regression after local chemoradiotherapy in 68.8%, while 25.7% of patients had local progression of the disease, while the 5.7% cases recorded partial local tumour regression(p<0.05). It has been shown that a complete local regression was more frequent in the case of squamous cell carcinoma in 74.2% vs 25% in adenocarcinoma cases. Also local and partial regression was observed more frequently in the case of squamous cell carcinoma in 6.5% compared to 0% in adenocarcinoma, while progression was more common in adenocarcinoma at 75% compared to 19.4% for squamous cell (p<0.05). MRI results showed positive outcome of treatment group A and B in our study, showed a statistically significant difference in favour of group A (89.7%) compared to group B 68.8% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained from our studies show that early stage cervical cancer (<IIB) shows a better outcome in treatment of advanced stages (≥IIB). In the treatment of advanced stages (≥IIB), concomitant radio chemotherapy shows significant results in terms of complete tumour regression, especially in squamous cell type of cervical cancer.