Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the West, and rectal cancer accounts for about 25% of the colon cancers. The concept of total mesothelial excision (TME) was the most important event in surgery for rectal cancer of the last two decades, because even without a curative approach, it reduced local recurrence and extended 5-year survival.

Introduction Heart rhythm disorders are common in the post-operative period following surgical myocardial revascularization (CABG). The incidence of any type of arrhythmia in the postoperative period can go up to 85%. While most are transient and short-term, it does not lead to deterioration of the postoperative course, in a smaller number of patients they can be predictors of various events that result in fatal outcome. Arrhythmias occur suddenly and need to be recognized and reacted in time. Standard monitoring consists of 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory findings and, if necessary, 24-hour HOLTER monitoring. Persistent arrhythmias increase overall morbidity and mortality, and costs treatments are increasing enormously. Patients and methods The prospective study analyzed patients of all age groups and sexes in whom angiographically coronary arterial disease was confirmed and who underwent surgery CABG. A total of 60 patients were screened during 2016. All age groups of both sexes in whom no rhythm disorders were previously recorded were included in the study. Results A total of 60 patients undergoing CABG were analyzed. The average age of patients was 63.56 8.55 years. The most preoperative factor was hypertension, which was recorded in 53 (88.33%) patients. The higher number of patients was operated using CPB 75.86%. The most commonly performed 3 aorto-coronary by-pass 45 (75%). The most common form of rhythm disorder was POAF, which occurred in 18 (30%) patients. In 24 patients, a change in heart rhythm was observed in the postoperative period in the group of operated ON pump techniques, while in the case of the application of Off pump technique only 5 patients were present, which was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion Preoperative patient preparation and prophylaxis with good anesthesia monitoring and minimal trauma during surgery are the main preconditions for reducing the incidence of postoperative heart rhythm disorders.

Objectives Endemic nephropathy (EN) is a chronic tubulointerstitial renal disease associated with increased incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) occurring predominantly in geographically limited areas in villages along big Danube river. Based on results obtained by the research it is confirmed that aristolochic acid is causative agent of endemic nephropathy (EN). Aim The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of UTUC in two endemic areas and analyze trends in 5-year period. Methods This study included all patients with UTUC with or without synchronous/metachronous urothelial cancer in urinary bladder, from Croatian and Bosnian EN and non-EN regions. We analyzed archival data bases from all patients with UTUC who were admitted and operated in Department for surgery and urology, General Hospital Josip Bencevic Slavonski Brod in the time period between 2005 and 2010. Analyzed groups of patients were divided and compared as EN group (that includes patients from Croatian and Bosnian EN region) and non-EN group (that includes patients from Croatian and Bosnian non-EN region). All surgical specimens were processed according to standardized pathological procedures. Results Comparing patients basic characteristics from Croatian and Bosnian EN region there was no significant difference in gender (females were more frequently affected in both EN regions, p=0.99) or age (p=0.43) of patients. We found higher blood levels of urea and creatinine in group of patients from Croatian EN region when compared with group of patients from Bosnian EN region but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.79 and p=0.44, respectively). In patients from Croatian EN group Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than levels from Bosnian EN region patients, p=0.0049. In group of patients from Bosnian EN region ureteral tumors were more frequently observed than in Croatian group of patients, when compared with renal pelvis tumors but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.258). Conclusion Our data showed some differences in tumor localization between to investigated, relatively nearly situated, EN regions in Croatia and Bosnia. Statistically significant difference in hemoglobin levels between Croatian and Bosnian EN regions that should be further analyzed to give some reasonable explanation.

Introduction: Alimentary toxoinfections represent a significant public health problem. Globalization of the market and food production, significant impoverishment of a large part of the population, and traditional approach with food preparation and consumption, cause a significant increase in the rates of population infections around the world. The epidemiological surveillance of the illness occurrence plays a significant role in monitoring and controlling the population’s burden of diseases caused by unhygienically prepared and stored food. Aim: The aim of the article is to determine the rates and trends of food related diseases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The results of the analysis have shown that the rate of illness in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is declining but is still significantly higher than in developed western countries. Particularly great burden is on the population of the Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC), which can be due to the traditional relation to the preparation and storage of food, as well as to the relatively poorer economic situation in ZDC. Conclusion: We can conclude that the strengthening of the monitoring system, laboratory capacities, the availability of monitoring guides will enable responsible FBiH/Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions to better control and implement safer food practice.

Introduction Insulin therapy of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is highly demanding due to their dynamic growth, development and different daily life activities. Goal To determine the optimal insulin delivery method for the prevention of hypoglycemia recorded by continuous monitoring of glucose in patients with insulin pump and PEN. Material and Methods The study included patients up to 18 years of age with diagnosed T1DM and treated with insulin pump and by insulin therapy with PEN at the Pediatric Clinic of the Clinical Center in Sarajevo. The study involved 149 patients, and lasted for 3 years. Patients were divided into two groups: group of patients on insulin pump therapy and group on insulin PEN. Results There were 73 patients (49.6%) on insulin pump therapy and 79 patients (52.4%) on the insulin PEN therapy. There was no significant difference in the age between genders nor groups with different insulin application methods. There were no significant differences in the number of anamnestic hypoglycemia in patients with a different mode of insulin application (83.56% vs. 81.58%, p=0.114, F=2.533 < Fk=3.919). The number of hypoglycemia episodes in history is higher with the PEN therapy than in the insulin pump group. Conclusion The number of anamnesis hypoglycemia as well as hypoglycemia from CGM records did not differ significantly in patients with IP and PEN therapy. The CGM record was significantly more valuable in the presentation of hypoglycemia compared to the history of hypoglycemia in all patients studied. Continuous monitoring of glycemia due to the ability to show glycemia variability and unrecognized hypoglycemia as well as predictive options for long-term metabolic control should be performed for all T1DM patients at least once a year.