In summer of the year 2017, unfortunately, passed away respective academician Zelimir Jaksic, former dean of Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb and former Director of “Andrija Stampar” School of Public Health in Zagreb. In 1955, he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Zagreb. From 1955 to 1959, he worked in the Department of General Medicine at the Zagreb Primary Health Care Center. He completed residency in the Hygiene and Social Medicine and became specialist in 1960. In 1965, he presented his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Assessment of Diabetes Incidence and its Early Detection”. He was habilitated at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zagreb in 1967. Then he was elected as a full professor of Social Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, in 1974. Professor Zelimir Jaksic was a fruitful organizer and researcher of numerous research and field experiments in epidemiology and the prevention of chronic diseases. Special emphasis was placed on the organization of Primary Health Care and Medical Education. From 1972 to 1974, he was the head of the World Health Organization’s Health Service Development Research team in Iran. The head of the Health Care Institute of the School of Public Health from 1975 to 1977, and for two years later he established the Primary Care and General Medicine Department at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb. The duty of the Director of the School of Public Health “Andrija Stampar” carried from 1978 to 1981. At that time, he established and coordinated international postgraduate courses in “Planning and Management of Primary Health Care in Developing Countries” and “Training of Teachers in General Medical Practice”, and since 1982, he was the Director of the World Health Organization’s Primary Health Care Collaboration Center at the School of National Health “Andrija Stampar”. In 1985 became the main researcher of the international project “Continuous Education for Primary Health Care Using Video and Computer Technologies” in collaboration with Japan. Since 1972 professor Zelimir Jaksic was a regular member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia. In 1983 he was admitted to the Royal College of General Practitioners in London, and in 1988 he became professor at the Boston University. Professor Jaksic was the main project researcher between Yugoslavia and Japan. From 1987 to 1990, he was a vice dean, and later Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Zagreb. For his contribution to the Development of General medicine in the world in 1999, at Palma de Mallorca received Hippocrates Medal from the European branch of the World Association of Family Physicians WONCA Europe. In 2005 he was elected to Professor emeritus of the University of Zagreb. Generations of undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as generations of specialists and specialists of General and Social Medicine will remember professor Jaksic as a calm, patient and good-natured teacher and educator. He was appreciated by his colleagues, associates, students and all the associations. He was a fruitful organizer and scientist especially in the field of epidemiology and the prevention of chronic illnesses, followed by the field of healthcare organization, in particular primary health care, and medical education. Professor Jaksic was a leader or associate at several international scientific projects and international postgraduate courses. For his contribution to the development of General Medicine in the US and worldwide he has received more awards and medals. Professor Jaksic will remain in our memories as a giant of medical education, and his scientific and professional achievements and for the future generations of doctors will be a lasting impetus and inspiration. His students, residents, specialists, colleagues and associates will remember him for his immense patience and benevolence in fostering creative thinking and activities in social medicine, epidemiology and family medicine. The School of public health “Andrija Stampar” lost one of its greats, who partly made it famous and well-known in the former Yugoslav areas, but also in Europe and the World. I personally remember him as a tireless worker, but also associate whose experiences was welcomed in my academic career. He loved Sarajevo and established good cooperation with the Institute and the Department of Social medicine and the organization of health, and several years ago we implemented several joint projects, some of which remained recognizable in Europe. A particularly important project was the “YugoslavSwedish Days of Social Medicine”, on which we worked together with the Karolinska Institute for Social Medicine in Stockholm for ten years, and which experiences and results significantly improved social medicine in our region.

The study was conducted using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the aim of this research is to determine the level of physical activity and differences among students, of the University of Tuzla, in relation to gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 813 students (321 male and 492 female) 1st cycle of studies at the University of Tuzla. The results of present study showed that average level of total physical activity for male students was 6013.493 MET-minutes/week, while female students showed average level of total physical activity was 4619.381 MET-minutes/week. We conclude that the total data indicates that in this group of students the physical activity level is sufficient and that there is a lower physical activity among females than males. Also there is a need to continuously take measures for promoting the sports at Universities with the aim of raising the health status of students to a higher level.

Introduction: Immunization is a lifelong preventive activity that helps prevent/reduce disease, prevent/ reduce mortality and prevent disability from specific infectious diseases. Material and Methods: Authors of this paper researched the WHO extended program of mandatory immunization of children from birth to the age of 18 years and analyzed how it has been implemented in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), because the guidelines of the specialist physician societies on immunization of adults, elderly people and risk groups of the population are missing. Results: The paper presents the basic characteristics of the immunization program in the FB&H and the world, points to the most frequent problems that the doctor practitioner has in carrying out immunization, and also presents possible modalities of improving immunization. It is pointed out the need to develop the national guidelines and individual immunization booklets, introduction of electronic registration of immunization, and continuous education of health professionals of all profiles, population, educators, teachers and harmonious partnership relations of health workers, population, social entities and the media with the aim of achieving an appropriate lifelong vaccination.

Objective To detect changes in finger photoplethysmography after administration of epidural anaesthesia as a surrogate method for evaluating autonomic nervous system activity. Methods We included a total of 46 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under lumbar epidural anaesthesia. A Biopac SS4LA pulse plethysmograph transducer was used for photoplethysmography recording, and the device was placed on the first toe of the right leg. The first standard lead of the electrocardiogram was simultaneously measured with the finger photoplethysmography. First measurement was done before the administration of epidural anaesthesia, and second measurement was done 25 minutes post administration of epidural anaesthesia. Results The area under the curve of the finger photoplethysmography statistically significantly increased 25 minutes after administration of epidural anaesthesia compared with the first measurement (p=0.0001). The amplitude of the finger photoplethysmography as well as the pulse transit time also statistically significantly increased after administration of epidural anaesthesia. Conclusion The area under the curve reflects the changes in sympathetic activity after epidural anaesthesia below the block level. It can be used for the detection of the degree of sympathetic block and, respectively, for epidural block success. Future prospects include detection of sympathetic block cessation as an indicator for discharge from the awakening room and beginning of patient verticalisation.

Introduction: Exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC) is one of the most common conditions that occur during or immediately after the exercise, with questionable etiology. Aim: Aim of article was to present doubts about the cause of EAMC, whether it is primarily a neurological condition or it is water and salt imbalance. Results: Strongest evidence supports the neuromuscular aetiology with the focus on the muscle fatigue. Muscle overload and fatigue affects the balance between the excitatory drive from muscle spindles and the inhibitory drive from the Golgi tendon organs (GTO). This results in a localized muscle cramp. Since the dehydration and electrolyte depletion are systemic abnormalities, it is not clear how these changes would result in local symptoms such as cramping of the working muscle groups. Conclusion: “Triad” of causes might be behind the etiology of EAMC, although the “altered neuromuscular control” theory with the “dehydration” theory is the most cogent descriptive model that explains the origin of EAMC. Treatment and prevention strategies for EAMC include: electrical cramp induction, kinesio taping and compression garments, massage therapy, electrolyte supplementation and hydration, corrective exercise, stretching, quinine, pickle juice, hyperventilation strategies.

Abstract Poor dietary habits have become one of the most important concerns among public health policy makers in recent years, due to the impact they have on both economic and health systems of a country. The transitional period toward young adulthood, marked with high school graduation and the beginning of college years, has been identified as critical in terms of its influence on young people’s bad eating habits. The aim of this study was to assess whether the results obtained through Food Frequency Questionnaire significantly correlate with standard body parameters. Participants included 210 students from the University of Banja Luka, with the mean age of 21.94 ± 2.73 years. Factorization of Food Frequency Questionnaire Instrument extracted seven factors which were subjected to multiple regression analysis as independent variables, and correlated to dependent variables - anthropological measurements. This study shows that the factors labeled as consumption of bread, consumption of healthy food, and intake of carbohydrates, are significantly related to Body Fat Percentage, whereas factors labeled as intake of food of animal origin, and intake of fruits and vegetables, are statistically significant in terms of their relation to Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Only one factor, labeled as intake of unhealthy food, is significantly related to Body Mass Index; this is to suggest that Body Mass Index has again showed many limitations with regard to its research relevance. This research has also found that students of the University of Banja Luka typically consume white bread, known to have a direct link with overweight and obesity.