<p>Objekatske i namjerne zavisne rečenice razvijaju se gotovo istovremeno &ndash; krajem XIV<br />i početkom XV stoljeća, vjerovatno pod utjecajem intenziviranja djelovanja pisarskih<br />kancelarija. I jedne i druge najvi&scaron;e zavise od razvoja nekada&scaron;nje optativne partikule da u veznik,<br />&scaron;to se može pratiti kroz povelje. S obzirom na to da je razvoj u toku, potrebno je razviti kriterije<br />na osnovu kojih bi se moglo pouzdanije utvrditi je li da preraslo u veznik. U radu se predlažu<br />kriteriji upotrebe glagolskog vremena u osnovnom ili prenesenom značenju, mjesta klauze u<br />rečenici, mjesta da u odnosu na glagol koji slijedi, izostavljanja rečeničnih dijelova koji se<br />ponavljaju, lica u predikatu zavisne klauze, rekcije glagola glavne klauze te složenosti predikata<br />zavisne klauze. Pored veznika da, objekatske klauze zabilježene su s veznicima kako i jere,<br />pored implicitnih i upitno-objekatskih klauza s različitim veznicima, a namjerne imaju jo&scaron; i<br />kako da i tako da, iz kojegće se razviti posljedične klauze.</p>

<p>Due to a large number of World Englishes spread around the world, the impact of the<br />&lsquo;core&rsquo;, long considered norm-providing, English varieties is being slowly reduced. Still, the<br />influence of the two varieties, namely Standardised British English and Standardised American<br />English, seems to be spread across the world and throughout all the varieties, in particular the<br />peripheral or, in Kachruvian terms, outer-circle varieties. However, since these two varieties<br />differ in their demographic weight and the institutional support they get, they are not equally<br />represented, with American English being greatly present through the mass media and British<br />English being dominant in foreign language teaching. The simultaneous exposure to both<br />varieties is expected to lead to the inconsistent use of the varieties in different language aspects<br />by foreign language learners, Bosnian learners of English in particular. The current paper<br />reports on the project completed by the authors with the aim of investigating whether the firstyear students at the University of Zenica tend to use both varieties intermittently through<br />different aspects, namely pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary choice or whether<br />they consistently use only one of the varieties in different language aspects, for which the results<br />obtained by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will be employed. Furthermore, the<br />research will provide an insight into the students&rsquo; attitudes regarding the use of the<br />aforementioned varieties. The main goal of the paper is to raise awareness of English language<br />teachers and students in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to prompt them to start thinking about the<br />language they use.</p>

<p>The traditional concept of &lsquo;text&rsquo; is being replaced by &lsquo;hypertext&rsquo;, a non-linear and<br />intrinsically intertextual artifact made up of internally linked chunks of information of various<br />sorts (Caballero, 2005, p. 58). As a virtual structure, contemporary text allows for a hybrid<br />mixture of language, images, and sound. For that reason, it is certain that new technologies are<br />affecting the ways knowledge is being transmitted or constructed. In this paper, one method<br />that supports the application of a multimodal approach to text will be presented to demonstrate<br />how the four key skills may be improved: critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and<br />creativity (Galante, 2011). The four skills will be discussed in the context of vocabulary<br />acquisition from multimodal texts. The aim of the paper is to propose that these skills may be<br />significantly improved by means of vocabulary data mining from multimodal texts, and<br />integrating, in the process, the lexical syllabus into the contemporary English language course.</p>

<p>Istraživanje je strukturirano na način da izvr&scaron;i prikupljanje podataka<br />potrebnih za statističku obradu, plansko uvođenje blended learninga u srednje &scaron;kole.<br />Na temelju prikupljenih podataka razvija se model za odlučivanje koji ima svoju<br />primjenu u dono&scaron;enju odluka u procesu planiranja uvođenja blended learninga.<br />Učenici obuhvaćeni ovim ekspermentom na osnovu pokazatelja i statistike koju<br />bilježi LMS sistem ispituju se u vje&scaron;tini i brzini savladavanja obrazovnog programa<br />kreiranog u sistemu LMS, i kroz provedenu anketu će se iskazati faktori<br />zadovoljstva učenika prema LMS-u omjerom kojim utiče na kvalitet stečenog<br />znanja kod učenika. Isto tako će se prikazati koliko se učenici podstiću na<br />međusobnu saradnju i komunikaciju i koji faktori utiču na percepciju učenika o<br />stavovima prema LMS-u.</p>

<p>U ovom radu predstavljamo teoriju grafova i njen značaj u matematici i drugim<br />oblastima nauke i dru&scaron;tvenog života. Grafovi sečesto upotrebljavaju za opis i grafički prikaz<br />apstraktnih modela i struktura podataka. Takav pristup olak&scaron;ava njihovo razumijevanje. Budući<br />da teorija grafova ima veliku primjenu u informatici, njen razvoj zadnjih decenija je ubrzan.<br />Kroz ovaj radćemo prezentovati nekoliko jednostavnijih primjera primjene teorije grafova u<br />različitim oblastima, sa ciljem popularizacije teorije grafova.</p>

DNA methylation can mimic the effects of germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Recently, we identified twenty‐four heritable methylation marks associated with breast cancer risk. As breast and prostate cancer share genetic risk factors, including rare, high‐risk mutations (eg, in BRCA2), we hypothesized that some of these heritable methylation marks might also be associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Introduction: There are increasing concerns world-wide with growing rates of antibiotic resistance necessitating urgent action. There have been a number of initiatives in the Republic of Srpska in recent years to address this and improve rational antibiotic prescribing and dispensing despite limited resources to fund multiple initiatives. Objective: Analyse antibiotic utilization patterns in the Republic of Srpska following these multiple initiatives as a basis for developing future programmes in the Republic if needed. Methods: Observational retrospective study of total outpatient antibiotic utilization from 2010 to 2015, based on data obtained from the Public Health Institute, alongside documentation of ongoing initiatives to influence utilization. The quality of antibiotic utilization principally assessed according to ESAC, ECDC, and WHO quality indicators and DU 90% (the drug utilization 90%) profile as well as vs. neighboring countries. Results: Following multiple initiatives, antibiotic utilization remained relatively stable in the Republic at 15.6 to 18.4 DIDs, with a decreasing trend in recent years, with rates comparable or lower than neighboring countries. Amoxicillin and the penicillins accounted for 29–40 and 50% of total utilization, respectively. Overall, limited utilization of co-amoxiclav (7–11%), cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones, as well as low use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins vs. first and second cephalosporins. However, increasing utilization of co-amoxiclav and azithromycin, as well as higher rates of quinolone utilization compared to some countries, was seen. Conclusions: Multiple interventions in the Republic of Srpska in recent years have resulted in one of the lowest utilization of antibiotics when compared with similar countries, acting as an exemplar to others. However, there are some concerns with current utilization of co-amoxiclav and azithromycin which are being addressed. This will be the subject of future research activities.