Motivation: A reconciliation is an annotation of the nodes of a gene tree with evolutionary events—for example, speciation, gene duplication, transfer, loss, etc.—along with a mapping onto a species tree. Many algorithms and software produce or use reconciliations but often using different reconciliation formats, regarding the type of events considered or whether the species tree is dated or not. This complicates the comparison and communication between different programs. Results: Here, we gather a consortium of software developers in gene tree species tree reconciliation to propose and endorse a format that aims to promote an integrative—albeit flexible—specification of phylogenetic reconciliations. This format, named recPhyloXML, is accompanied by several tools such as a reconciled tree visualizer and conversion utilities. Availability and implementation: http://phylariane.univ‐lyon1.fr/recphyloxml/.

BACKGROUND: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological syndrome with seizures, altered consciousness, visual disturbances and headache among other symptoms. Hinchey et al. first described Pres in 1996, with two other case series published shortly after. CASE REPORT: A 23-year-old women patient was emergency sent from General Hospital Tešanj due to a crisis of consciousness and repeated epileptic seizures. The patient had a second birth before 10 days (postpartum cesarean) in general endotracheal anaesthesia (two cesarean-born babies). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cranium described both sides of the symmetrically frontal, parietal (and pre-ventricular gyri) and occipitally visible T2W/FLAIR hyperintensity focuses on the cortex and the thin layer of white mass subcortically. In the projection of the lesions parts, discrete DWI hyperintensity is seen without a reliable ADC correlate. The patient improved after management with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiepileptics and monitoring of blood pressure. According to latest experiences delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to mortality or irreversible neurological deficit. Aggravating circumstances are differential diagnoses that include cerebral infarction (ischemic, haemorrhage), venous thrombosis, vasculitis, pontine or extrapontine myelinolysis. CONCLUSION: MRI of the brain is key to make this distinction with crucial recognition and an open mind from radiology and neurology specialist.

Antenna selection in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems enables reduction of complexity, cost, and power while keeping the channel capacity high and retaining the diversity, interference reduction, spatial multiplexity, and array gains of massive MIMO. We investigate the possibility of decentralized antenna selection both to parallelize the optimization process and put the environment awareness to use. Results of experiments with two different power control rules and varying number of users show that a simple and computationally inexpensive algorithm can be used in real time. The algorithm we propose draws its foundations from self-organization, environment awareness, and randomness.

Popularizacija putovanja koja za motiv imaju prevenciju bolesti svojstvenih modernom coveku rezultirala je izuzetno dinamicnim razvojem velnes turizma u celom svetu. Kao jedan od najbrže rastucih segmenata turisticke industrije, velnes turizam dostiže za gotovo 50% visu godisnju stopu rasta od ocekivane stope rasta celokupne svetske turisticke ekonomije. Kao uslužna delatnost u kojoj ljudski faktor igra najvažniju ulogu, velnes industrija iz godine u godinu otvora veliki broj novih radnih mesta. Međutim, kako bi ta radna mesta bila popunjena adekvatno obucenim i motivisanim kadrovima, neophodno je sprovesti određene izmene u obrazovnim sistemima, kako na nivou formalnog obrazovanja, tako i u obasti neformalne edukacije. Na koji nacin se edukacija kadrova za rad u velnes industriji trenutno vrsi u Srbiji i Sloveniji, i sta je u toj sferi neophodno promeniti da bi ove dve države bile konkurentne na svetskom velnes tržistu, uzeto je za cilj istraživanja sporovedenog u okviru međunarodnog projekta bilateralne prekogranicne saradnje dva fakulteta sa sedistima u Novom Sadu i Brežicama. Rezultati studije upucuju na to da je praksa velnes turizma daleko otvorenija za inovacije u odnosu na obrazovne institucije i da je, u cilju kvalitetne pripreme mladih za zaposljavanje, neophodno uspostavljanje prisnije saradnje fakulteta sa liderima u spa i velnes turizmu.

We address the problem of robust state estimation and attack isolation for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with positive-slope nonlinearities under (potentially unbounded) sensor attacks and measurement noise. We consider the case when a subset of sensors is subject to additive false data injection attacks. Using a bank of circle-criterion observers, each observer leading to an Input-to-State Stable (ISS) estimation error, we propose a estimator that provides robust estimates of the system state in spite of sensor attacks and measurement noise; and an algorithm for detecting and isolating sensor attacks. Our results make use of the ISS property of the observers to check whether the trajectories of observers are consistent with the attack-free trajectories of the system. Simulations results are presented to illustrate the performance of the results.

Gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Microbiota found in GI tract has beneficial relationship with their host and can affect the brain, behavior. Studies performed on animals suggest that any change in the composition of microbiota might cause alternations in behavior. In the same way, changes in behavior such as stress, showed to affect the microbiota. Moreover, the composition of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy is known to adversely influence neonatal and infant health and preterm birth. Mother’s microbiome is inherited from the mother to children.

We investigate the nonautonomous difference equation with real initial conditions and coefficients g i , i = 0 , 1 which are in general functions of n and/or the state variables x n , x n − 1 , … , and satisfy g 0 + g 1 = 1 . We also obtain some global results about the behavior of solutions of the nonautonomous non-homogeneous difference equation where g i , i = 0 , 1 , 2 are functions of n and/or the state variables x n , x n − 1 , … , with g 0 + g 1 = 1 . Our results are based on the explicit formulas for solutions. We illustrate our results by numerous examples.

Background: Neck circumference (NC) is an index of subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in an area of the upper part of the body. The aim of this study was to assess whether NC can be used as an indicator of central obesity and to determine the prevalence of central obesity in apparently healthy Bosnian young adults. Methods: Participants for this cross-sectional study were recruited using the snowball method. NC was measured in horizontal straight position by placing the top edge of a plastic tape only below the laryngeal prominence and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck, with the head positioned in the Frankfort horizontal plane. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio were taken following the WHO guidelines. Results: The study included 111 second year University of Sarajevo Dentistry students (49 students of male gender and 62 students of the female gender). Determined the optimal cutoff value of NC in the detection of central obesity based on WC values in healthy young participants of male gender was ≥37.45 cm (P < 0.001), while in healthy young participants of the female gender, it was ≥32.75 cm (P < 0.001). Based on the WHO guidelines for WC, central obesity was determined in 24.49% (n = 12) of male patients, and in 29.03% (n = 18) of female participants included in our investigation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that NC may be used as a screening tool for central obesity in healthy young adults. Prevalence of central obesity observed among student population suggests that there is a justified need for an implementation of healthy lifestyle programs in this population that would have preventive purposes.

Abstract. Knowing the location of large-scale turbulent eddies during catastrophic flooding events improves predictions of erosive scour. The erosion damage to the Oroville Dam flood control spillway in early 2017 is an example of the erosive power of turbulent flow. During this event, a defect in the simple concrete channel quickly eroded into a 47 m deep chasm. Erosion by turbulent flow is difficult to evaluate in real time, but near-channel seismic monitoring provides a tool to evaluate flow dynamics from a safe distance. Previous studies have had limited ability to identify source location or the type of surface wave (i.e., Love or Rayleigh wave) excited by different river processes. Here we use a single three-component seismometer method (frequency-dependent polarization analysis) to characterize the dominant seismic source location and seismic surface waves produced by the Oroville Dam flood control spillway, using the abrupt change in spillway geometry as a natural experiment. We find that the scaling exponent between seismic power and release discharge is greater following damage to the spillway, suggesting additional sources of turbulent energy dissipation excite more seismic energy. The mean azimuth in the 5–10 Hz frequency band was used to resolve the location of spillway damage. Observed polarization attributes deviate from those expected for a Rayleigh wave, though numerical modeling indicates these deviations may be explained by propagation up the uneven hillside topography. Our results suggest frequency-dependent polarization analysis is a promising approach for locating areas of increased flow turbulence. This method could be applied to other erosion problems near engineered structures as well as to understanding energy dissipation, erosion, and channel morphology development in natural rivers, particularly at high discharges.