O câncer é uma doença caracterizada pelo crescimento exacerbado das células podendo alastrar-se para outros órgãos e tecidos (metástase). O câncer de pele não melanoma é o tipo de câncer mais comum no Brasil contendo como uns dos fatores de risco a idade e a exposição prolongada ao sol. Os idosos, mediante a longevidade, apresentam maior suscetibilidade para adquirir o câncer de pele. Em face dessa realidade, faz-se necessário a intervenção da enfermagem direcionada a prevenção, com a disseminação da informação, atuação na detecção precoce de sinais indicativos da doença, bem como proceder pela orientação adequada. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura por meio de abordagem qualitativa tendo como principais resultados: os idosos possuem sistema imune e tegumentar diferente, além de sofrerem consequências de fatores ambientais como exposição ao sol; a enfermagem deve intervir por meio da educação em saúde na Atenção Básica, além de oferecer uma assistência humanizada; possuir conhecimento de lesões pré-malignas para obtenção de prevenção considerável e utilização da regra ABCDE por intermédio do exame físico.

Pozegaca’ is the most important native plum genotype in southeast Europe. In this study, the phytochemical fruit composition of the ‘Pozegaca’ ecotype from four different growing regions was evaluated over three growing years. HPLC was used for identification and quantification of sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds in the fruits. The total effects of growing years and regions on different phytochemical characteristics of ‘Pozegaca’ fruit were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). Glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol were detected as major sugars in ‘Pozegaca’ fruit. Malic, citric, fumaric and shikimic acids were identified in the studied plum ecotype. Glucose was the predominant sugar and malic acid was the predominant organic acid. A range of phenol compounds was identified, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and flavan3-ols. The main factor affecting the fruit quality and phenol composition of the ‘Pozegaca’ plum ecotype in skin and pulp was the growing year. The geographical origin of the ‘Pozegaca’ ecotype appears to have no major influence on the phenol profile of ‘Pozegaca’ fruit. The results showed that air temperature has a strong correlation with sugar compounds (particularly with fructose and sucrose) and with some organic acids (fumaric, shikimic and citric). Related to the accumulation of phenol compounds, air temperature strongly correlated with flavanols (particularly with quercetin 3-rutinoside) and anthocyanins in pulp. Precipitation and altitude were strongly correlated with total phenols in pulp, chlorogenic acid in skin and pulp, neochlorogenic acid in pulp, and all three identified flavanols in pulp. The results showed that specific seasonal and geographic environmental conditions could significantly affect the content of secondary metabolites in ‘Pozegaca’ fruit.

Abstract Despite the great progress made in neonatal and perinatal medicine over the last couple of decades, sepsis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Sepsis in pediatric population was defined at the Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference in 2005. There is still no consensus on the definition of neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis is a sepsis that occurs in the neonatal period. According to the time of occurrence, neonatal sepsis can be of early onset, when it occurs within the first 72 hours of birth and results from vertical transmission, and of late onset, in which the source of infection is found most often in the environment and occurs after the third day of life. The most common causes of early-onset sepsis are Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and E. coli. Risk factors can be mother-related and newborn-related. Clinical symptoms and signs of sepsis are quite unspecific. The dysfunction of different organs may imitate sepsis. On the other hand, infectious and non-infectious factors may exist simultaneously. The start of the antimicrobial therapy in any newborn with suspected sepsis should not be delayed. Pentoxifylline may have potential benefits in preterm newborns with sepsis. The only proven intervention that has been shown to reduce the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis is intrapartum intravenous antibiotic administration to prevent GBS infection. It is still a great challenge to discontinue antibiotic treatment in non-infected newborns as soon as possible, because any extended antibiotic use may later be associated with other pathological conditions.

The electrical properties of neural tissue are important in a range of different applications in biomedical engineering and basic science. These properties are characterized by the electrical admittivity of the tissue, which is the inverse of the specific tissue impedance. Objective. Here we derived analytical expressions for the admittivity of various models of neural tissue from the underlying electrical and morphological properties of the constituent cells. Approach. Three models are considered: parallel bundles of fibers, fibers contained in stacked laminae and fibers crossing each other randomly in all three-dimensional directions. Main results. An important and novel aspect that emerges from considering the underlying cellular composition of the tissue is that the resulting admittivity has both spatial and temporal frequency dependence, a property not shared with conventional conductivity-based descriptions. The frequency dependence of the admittivity results in non-trivial spatiotemporal filtering of electrical signals in the tissue models. These effects are illustrated by considering the example of pulsatile stimulation with a point source electrode. It is shown how changing temporal parameters of a current pulse, such as pulse duration, alters the spatial profile of the extracellular potential. In a second example, it is shown how the degree of electrical anisotropy can change as a function of the distance from the electrode, despite the underlying structurally homogeneity of the tissue. These effects are discussed in terms of different current pathways through the intra- and extra-cellular spaces, and how these relate to near- and far-field limits for the admittivity (which reduce to descriptions in terms of a simple conductivity). Significance. The results highlight the complexity of the electrical properties of neural tissue and provide mathematical methods to model this complexity.

Purpose The current challenges international charities face with regards to their deteriorating image, as a result of recent scandals (e.g. Oxfam, Save the Children), provide the impetus for this exploratory research, where the purpose of this paper is to examine the conceptualization and dimensionality of non-profit brand image across national cultures. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a quantitative research design, using multi-country samples from India, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the UK. The authors first examine the psychometric properties of the non-profit brand image scale via confirmatory factor analysis across countries, identifying the optimal model for invariance testing. Further, the authors use multi-group invariance analysis to evaluate whether non-profit brand image (using an 18-item scale and six factors) provides equivalent measurement across cultures. Findings The study shows that individuals in the three countries perceive non-profit brand image equally, and as consisting of perceptions of usefulness, efficiency, affect, dynamism, reliability and ethicality. However, the results also indicate that the means of the dimensions of non-profit brand image are not comparable across different cultures. Originality/value The study extends limited current literature on non-profit brand image in international contexts, deriving insightful suggestions for further theoretical approaches in this under-developed research domain. It also yields key implications for charities and other non-profit organizations operating internationally, as they can use non-profit brand image and its dimensions as actionable tools in their communication campaigns to shape their brand image.

Taking advantage of the flexibility of the apatite structure, nano- and micro-particles of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were doped with different combinations of rare earth ions (RE3+ = Gd, Eu, Yb, Tm) to achieve a synergy among their magnetic and optical properties and to enable their application in preventive medicine, particularly diagnostics based on multimodal imaging. All powders were synthesized through hydrothermal processing at T ≤ 200 °C. An X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that all powders crystallized in P63/m space group of the hexagonal crystal structure. The refined unit-cell parameters reflected a decrease in the unit cell volume as a result of the partial substitution of Ca2+ with smaller RE3+ ions at both cation positions. The FTIR analysis additionally suggested that a synergy may exist solely in the triply doped system, where the lattice symmetry and vibration modes become more coherent than in the singly or doubly doped systems. HAp:RE3+ optical characterization revealed a change in the energy band gap and the appearance of a weak blue luminescence (λex = 370 nm) due to an increased concentration of defects. The “up”- and the “down”-conversion spectra of HAp:Gd/Yb/Tm and HAp:Gd/Eu powders showed characteristic transitions of Tm3+ and Eu3+, respectively. Furthermore, in contrast to diamagnetic HAp, all HAp:RE3+ powders exhibited paramagnetic behavior. Cell viability tests of HAp:Gd/Yb/Tm and HAp:Gd/Eu powders in human dental pulp stem cell cultures indicated their good biocompatibility.

A tuberculose é uma importante causa de adoecimento e morte no mundo. O trato geniturinário circula entre os sítios extrapulmonares mais acometidos e, muitas vezes, tem diagnóstico tardio. Realizou-se um estudo de caso com objetivo de apresentar os principais Diagnósticos de Enfermagem relativos ao paciente em tratamento de tuberculose renal. O estudo foi realizado no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, onde as ações de Enfermagem, juntamente aos demais integrantes da equipe multiprofissional, podem propiciar um desfecho do tratamento favorável para esse paciente.Palavras-chave: diagnóstico de enfermagem, tuberculose renal, cuidados de enfermagem.

The response to metformin, the most commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is highly variable. The common variant rs7903146 C>T within the transcription factor 7 like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is the strongest genetic risk factor associated with T2D to date. In this study we explored the effects of TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype on metformin response in T2D. The study included 86 newly diagnosed patients with T2D, incident users of metformin. Levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and anthropometric parameters were measured prior to metformin therapy, and 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Genotyping of TCF7L2 rs7903146 was performed by the Sequenom MassARRAY® iPLEX® platform. At baseline, the diabetes risk allele (T) showed an association with lower triglyceride levels (p = 0.037). After 12 months of metformin treatment, the T allele was associated with 25.9% lower fasting insulin levels (95% CI 10.9-38.3%, p = 0.002) and 29.1% lower HOMA-IR index (95% CI 10.1-44.1%, p = 0.005), after adjustment for baseline values. Moreover, the T allele was associated with 6.7% lower fasting glucose levels (95% CI 1.1-12.0%, p = 0.021), adjusted for baseline glucose and baseline HOMA-%B levels, after 6 months of metformin treatment. This effect was more pronounced in TT carriers who had 16.8% lower fasting glucose levels (95% CI 7.0-25.6%, p = 0.002) compared to the patients with CC genotype. Our results suggest that TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant affects markers of insulin resistance and glycemic response to metformin in newly diagnosed patients with T2D within the first year of metformin treatment.

In this manuscript we describe how, by taking a systems approach, complex energy landscapes of supramolecular assemblies can be navigated using stoichiometry to control, with remarkable selectivity, which assembly gets populated. The perhaps counterintuitive finding is that it is not necessarily the assembly that, in a one-to-one comparison, is the most stable that wins the competition for common building blocks, even though the system is under thermodynamic control. Instead, an individually less stable assembly may completely dominate the system. This domination is possible when the building block stoichiometry in the system matches the stoichiometry of this specific assembly, allowing the system to maximize binding energy by making a large number of assemblies of moderate stability as opposed to a small number of more stable assemblies.