Currently, the world is facing major changes. Research and development of innovations in new technologies, the rapid pace of implementation of these innovations and especially digitization and automation, play a major role in shaping the future world. Technological innovations promise the transformation of the world we live in all its dimensions. However, in order for the benefits of innovation to be adequately exploited, it is necessary for us as a society to adapt to the coming changes. We must also keep in mind that these changes come at a time previously marked by uncertainty, turbulent changes and hyper competitiveness. The development and implementation of new technologies in business is motivated by a number of technical and economic reasons: improving the quality of finished products (machining, etc.), increasing productivity and reducing the share of work (assembly process), increasing the degree of homogeneity of product quality in all production processes related to the application of robotic technology, increasing the level of safety, reducing labor engagement in routine and reproducible processes, minimizing total production costs and maintenance costs of the device in the production process, all with the purpose of adequate responses to competition challenges and increasingly stringent customer requirements. Although the concept of Industry 4.0 is already widely used in developed countries, it is a relatively new concept in the Western Balkans, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most company managers understand the benefits of "smart" production and are familiar with new trends in the industry, intend to gradually introduce smart solutions, methods and technologies, and only a small number of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina currently implement the concept of Industry 4.0. The paper presents the results of research on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in all branches of the economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and especially the representation of Industry 4.0 in small, medium and large enterprises. Detection of awareness of certain groups about the concepts of Industry 4.0 was performed, and the research method itself is based on an online survey.

It is a well-known fact that the changes on the world industrial and digital scene were named the fourth industrial revolution at the WEF –World Economic Forum (held in Davos in 2016). Almost all developed countries in the world have designed their own programs to implement the fourth industrial revolution. Thus, the German government promotes Industry 4.0 (first appeared at the Hannover Fair in Germany), USA promotes Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC), the Japanese government established the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Japan in 2018, while the Chinese government adopted the strategy ‘’Made in China 2025’’.It is necessary to make a detailed assessment of the fourth industrial revolution in order to raise awareness of its breadth of influence, and increase its application. The current competitiveness that is present in the world is the reason for the rapid implementation of Industry 4.0 in almost all companies in the world. Robotic technology is the core technology of Industry 4.0, and its application accelerates its application. The number of installed units of robots, both industrial and service robots, is increasing every year in the world. The paper presents the analysis of the implementation of both industrial and service robots worldwide, including the trend of implementation of Industry 4.0. The paper provides an analysis of the implementation of robots in the countries that installed the most robots in 2019, as well as the number of robots per 10,000 workers in the manufacturing industry in the same year, based on which we have an insight in the automation process of each country.In the future, the implementation of robotic technology in the industry will increase in order to achieve greater representation of Industry 4.0, making it easier to come up with "smart manufacturing processes" or "smart factories"

The world is currently at the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution – Industry 4.0, whose ultimate goal is to make everything intelligent, both production processes in the industry and system maintenance. The environment around us has plenty of piping systems such as: water, gas, oil, sewage, etc., which need to be continuously maintained. In other words, they require periodic inspections to identify errors such as corrosion, cracks, deformations, or obstruction with obstacles. Service robots for inspection and maintenance are very convenient for the inspection of piping systems. In addition, they are a point of interest to many researchers in the field, so there are countless developed service robots that are currently in use. Service robots for inspection of piping system are used for inspection and provide visual information from inside the corresponding pipe. When the service robot moves through the pipe, it records the inside with a camera and provides us with visual information, i.e., provides a video of the inside of the pipe where we can locate the error. We can use the video later to establish the condition of the recorded piping system and make the right decision what to do. The paper presents the trend of application of service robots for inspection. A number of constructions of these service robots that are already in implementation are shown. Service robots effectively reduce all problems related to the maintenance, cleaning and inspection of piping systems. The growing trend of service robots application is due to the implementation of basic technologies of Industry 4.0 because its aim is to receive the information about the operation of a system all along. Various robotic systems have been developed for inspection and examination of piping systems and plants that are dangerous to workers' health. Service robots are controlled by camera, sensor or simple tools. Most service robots for inspection are intended for tanks, piping systems for all materials for inspection of ventilation openings and pipes of air systems, sewer systems, nuclear plants, or work in aggressive environments. It is expected that the development and application of service robots for inspection will continue to grow in the nearest future. Service robots effectively reduce all problems related to the maintenance, cleaning and inspection of piping systems.

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing demand for mobile robots to substitute human in disinfection tasks. New generations of disinfection robots could be developed to navigate in high-risk, high-touch areas. Public spaces, such as airports, schools, malls, hospitals, workplaces and factories could benefit from robotic disinfection in terms of task accuracy, cost, and execution time. The aim of this work is to integrate and analyse the performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, as global path planner, coupled with Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) for reactive collision avoidance using a ROS-based software prototyping tool. This paper introduces our solution – a SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and optimal path planning-based approach for performing autonomous indoor disinfection work. This ROS-based solution could be easily transferred to different hardware platforms to substitute human to conduct disinfection work in different real contaminated environments.

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

From the very knowledge of Industry 4.0, its implementation is carried out in all segments of society, but we still do not fully understand the breadth and speed of its implementation. We are currently witnessing major changes in all industries, so new business methods are emerging. There is a transformation of production systems, a new form of consumption, delivery, and transportation, all thanks to the implementation of new technological discoveries that cover robotics and automation, the internet of things (IoT), 3D printers, smart sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), etc. Robotic technology is one of the most important technologies in Industry 4.0, so that the robot application in the automation of production processes with the support of information technology brings us to smart automation (i.e., smart factories). The changes are so deep that, from the perspective of human history, there has never been a time of greater promise or potential danger.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the correct application of FEM analysis can be used to find effective solutions for the design of mechanical structures. The design of the inspection openings on the tanks is being considered. There are several existing tanks of the same dimensions (20 m high and diameter 10,2 m), but they have different wall thicknesses (9,6; 15; 20 and 25 mm). For inspection purposes, assembly of manhole hatch on all tanks is required. The manhole hatch is designed applying standard API 650. All tanks are filled with the water to the top 20 m high. Several different analyses have been carried out in order to ensure that there are not too high stresses in the materials of the existing tanks due to the insertion of the manhole hatch and finally qualify construction according to EN-13445 norm. The elastic analysis shows that stresses in the material are too high and the design hasn’t been approved. In order to avoid redesign procedures, which can be expensive and sometimes difficult to do in reality, plastic analysis has been done. After plastic analysis, the design could be approved with the restriction on the max. preload force in the bolts 40 kN/per bolt.