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Milan Kulić

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Background: Undernutrition disorder is a prevalent comorbidity (up to 25%) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients which significantly compromises their health. We aimed to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) adiponectin (ADIPOQ) +276 (G/T) and resistin (RETN) −420 (C/G) with the risk of developing T2D and undernutrition in patients with T2D. Methods: The research was conducted as prospective case-control study among 106 patients with T2D and 106 healthy control individuals in the territory of the Bosnia and Herzegovina from Sep 1st 2022 to May 1st 2023. For assessing the nutritional status, the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) was used. DNA analysis was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) method. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test for independent samples and binary multivariate logistic regression. Results: The research included 212 subjects of which 124 (58.5%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 68.48±4,67 yr. Almost 20% of subjects were undernourished, significantly more T2D patients when compared to controls (33% vs. 6.6%; P<0.001). ADIPOQ +276 GT genotype was identified as significant predictor of T2D (OR: 3.454; 95% CI: 1.400–8.521; P=0.007) and undernutrition disorder (OR: 3.453; 95% CI: 1.331–8.961; P=0.011) in T2D population, while the presence of RETN −420 CG genotype had protective effect against occurrence of T2D (OR: 0.353; 95% CI: 0.144–0.867; P=0.023). However, RETN genotypes were not associated with undernutrition disorder. Conclusion: ADIPOQ +276 gene polymorphism represent a significant predictor for development of T2D and undernutrition disorder in T2D population, while RETN −420 gene polymorphism was identified as a significant factor associated with a reduced risk for T2D, but was not associated with undernutrition.

Bojan Joksimović, J. Dotlić, Marija Milić, Milan Kulić, D. Bokonjić, Sinisa Ristic, J. Stevanović, Zorica Stanojevic Ristic, Dragoslav Lazic et al.

Background Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, people were recommended to implement new health behaviors into their daily routines to prevent the viral spread. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific health behaviors, such as wearing face masks, taking immunity boosters and visiting risky places were associated with a higher level of stress due to COVID-19 in the general adult population. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2020 to October 1, 2021 in eight randomly chosen cities of two Serbian speaking countries (Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska - Bosnia and Herzegovina). Participants filled a socio-epidemiologic questionnaire, COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results The study included 2,301 participants with an average age of 36.72 ± 13.82 years of whom 54.9% were female (p = 0.001). Most participants were healthy, highly educated, employed, married, non-smokers and consumed alcohol. The mean total CSS score was 32.7 ± 23.8 out of 144, suggesting a relatively low stress due to COVID-19. The mean PSS was 19.43 ± 5.05 out of 40 indicating slightly increased level of general stress. Participants who reported higher CSS scores were more likely to wear face masks, use immunity boosters, go to cafes and clubs, have chronic illnesses, have suspicious, but not proven contact with COVID-19 positive people, and use multiple sources of information about COVID-19. Conclusion Few participants experienced high levels of stress due to COVID-19. People who used face masks, immunity boosters and visited risky places reported a higher level of stress during the pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-025-00833-2.

Milica Milentijević, Nataša Katanić, Bojan Joksimović, Aleksandar Pavlović, Jelena Filimonović, Milena Anđelković, Ksenija Bojović, Z. Elek, Sinisa Ristic et al.

Background: Severe coagulation abnormalities are common in patients with COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation parameters concerning socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Methods: Our study included patients hospitalized during the second wave of COVID-19 in the Republic of Serbia. We collected socio-demographic, clinical, and blood-sample data for all patients. Cytokine levels were measured using flow cytometry. Results: We analyzed data from 113 COVID-19 patients with an average age of 58.15 years, of whom 79 (69.9%) were male. Longer duration of COVID-19 symptoms before hospitalization (B = 69.672; p = 0.002) and use of meropenem (B = 1237.220; p = 0.014) were predictive of higher D-dimer values. Among cytokines, higher IL-5 values significantly predicted higher INR values (B = 0.152; p = 0.040) and longer prothrombin times (B = 0.412; p = 0.043), and higher IL-6 (B = 0.137; p = 0.003) predicted longer prothrombin times. Lower IL-17F concentrations at admission (B = 0.024; p = 0.050) were predictive of higher INR values, and lower IFN-γ values (B = −0.306; p = 0.017) were predictive of higher aPTT values. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a significant correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation-related parameters. Factors such as the patient’s level of education, gender, oxygen-therapy use, symptom duration before hospitalization, meropenem use, and serum concentrations of IL-5, IL-6, IL-17F, and IFN-γ were associated with worse coagulation-related parameters.

Jovan Kulić, Milena Dubravac Tanasković, Milan Kulić, Bojan Joksimović, Ajla Smajlović, Radmila Balaban Đurđević, Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković

This study conducted an initial investigation into the association between ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms (rs1799752) and hypertension in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study featured two distinct groups, each with 100 subjects, systematically categorized based on hypertension status and gender. DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified, and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Results revealed a higher prevalence of the DD genotype and the D allele in the hypertensive group, although statistical significance was not observed. The II genotype occurred in 18% of the hypertension group and 21% in the control group. A significant difference was found in allele I frequencies between the two groups (p=0.004), with no gender-related variations in ACE alleles. The limited sample size may have constrained the ability to detect statistically significant differences. The odds ratio for the (DD + ID) genotype compared to II was 1.2110 (95% CI: 0.6006 to 2.4418; p=0.5927), indicating no statistical significance. Furthermore, no significant associations were identified between ACE genotypes and alleles and gender. In summary, this preliminary study suggests a potential trend towards a higher prevalence of the ACE gene D allele and DD genotype in hypertensive individuals. However, due to the small sample size, these associations did not achieve statistical significance in this population. Larger-scale investigations are needed for more definitive insights into the relationship between ACE gene polymorphisms and hypertension.

Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković, Milena Dubravac Tanasković, Milan Kulić, Radmila Balaban Đurević, Aleksandar Tanović, Kristina Drašković Mališ, Biljana Vasiljević, Bojan Joksimović

<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>The improvement of new genetic testing strategies are getting to be progressively integrated into different parts of medicine. Progress has not been accompanied by the satisfactory level of genetic education but it has been accompanied with many ethical issues concering testing among medical students, doctors and the common population. Subsequently, the requirements for an adequate education in genetics for each group are expanding. The main goal of this paper is to examine attitudes regarding different aspects of genetic testing, and to determine differences in attitudes with respect to socio-demographic characteristics among the employees at the Faculty of Medicine in Foča, University of East Sarajevo.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> Sixty-one employees of four study programs of the Faculty of Medicine in Foča participated in the research. An anonymous survey was conducted based on the voluntary consent of the respondents. It included two parts. The first part of the survey included socio-demographic questions (age, gender, educational level). The second part consisted of eight questions about genetic testing, which were related to the ethical justification of genetic testing.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> Out of the total number of respondents, 90.2% of respondents would undergo genetic testing for health reasons. A significantly higher number of respondents who had a master&rsquo;s degree (96.2%) would undergo genetic testing, compared to (88.9%) respondents who had an undergraduate degree (p=0.001). A significantly larger number of older respondents (29.6% over the age of 36) considered abortion justified in case of prenatal diagnosis of cancer at a later age, compared to 8.8% of the respondents belonging to the younger age group (from 26 to 35) (p=0.036).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> We have shown that there is a different understanding among the population of different educational status and different age. Further on in the near future, it is our opinion that seminars should be organized regarding this science, in order to promote its importance.</p>

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