INTRODUCTION Some research results point to significant benefit in the use of methadone substitution treatment in reduction of criminogenic activities in opiate addicts, as in positive affect on their somatic and mental state. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to indicate factors which lead to criminogenic activities in addicts with judicial problems before entering substitute, methadone program. METHODS Addicts were divided into two groups: addicts who had judicial problems before they entered substitution methadone program (group A-46 addicts) and addicts withoutjudicial problems (group B-20 addicts). A questionnaire containing basic data about the addicts in the treatment program (Pompidou questionnaire) was for questioning. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was recorded related to the way of taking PAS. The largest number of examinees from the group A took primal PAS intravenously (41; 89.1%), while from the group B 11 took it intravenously (55.0%). The majority of examinees in the group A committed the first criminal act before taking PAS (psychoactive substances) (19; 41.3%), then after taking so-called harder PAS (16; 34.8%), and finally after taking the so-called lighter PAS (11; 23.9%). In somewhat over half of the examinees in the group A (24; 52.2%) the measure of juvenile court was imposed. A suspended sentence was passed upon 19 (41.3%) examinee, then prison sentence in 16 (34.8%), multiple prison sentences in 6 (13.0%) and misdemeanour in 4 (8.7%). CONCLUSION Future research at our centre should show the efficiency of methadone program in a decrease of risky behaviour, degree of criminogenic activity and judicial problems, improvement of life quality, as well as show the ways for preventive acting.

Increased aggregation of platelets during preeclampsia was shown in several studies, yet several others reported no change. The aim of our study was to investigate platelet aggregation in a group of patients suffering from preeclampsia. In a cross-sectional study blood samples were taken from 89 hospitalized patients in the third trimester of pregnancy: 38 were suffering from mild to moderate preeclampsia and 51 patients were without preeclampsia. From the blood samples platelet aggregation, secretion of adenine nucleotides from platelets, concentration of energy-rich adenine compounds and levels of cyclic adenosine-mono-phosphate and cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate in platelets were measured. In the patients with preeclampsia, the adenosine diphosphate threshold for biphasic aggregation [odds ratio (OR):.75; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.55–1.02; p<0.05], total adenine nucleotides concentration in the metabolic pool of platelets (OR:0.99; CI: 0.62–1.57; p<0.01) and cyclic adenosine-mono-phosphate (OR:0.81; CI: 0.57, 1.14; p<0.05) and cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate (OR:.78; CI: 0.55–1.09; p<0.05) levels in platelets were decreased in comparison with the control group, while adenylate energy charge in the metabolic pool of platelets (OR: >100.00; CI: 0.00->100.00; p<0.05) and secretion of adenosine triphosphate (OR:.13; CI: 0.00–14.26; p<0.05) and adenosine diphosphate (OR:.77; CI: 0.08–36.79; p<0.05) were increased. The results of our study show increased activation and aggregation of platelets in pregnant females with preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are leading cause of drug-induced angioedema, with incidence of 0.1 to 0.2%. The angioedema is not of immune nature; in predisposed individuals it is caused by accumulation of vasoactive mediators due to reduced activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme. CASE REPORT We presented a 63-year old male patient suffering from hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who had developed two episodes of angioedema during a 5-year long therapy with enalapril. The first episode happened after three, and the second after five years of the therapy. On both occasions, the patient was admitted to the hospital and tracheotomy was avoided in the last moment. CONCLUSION Long-term therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors could be associated with delayed angioedema, especially in patients with inflammation of airways caused by infection or chronic irritation.

Background: Quality of life assessment in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS) is invaluable for a proper evaluation of disease severity, appropriate choice of therapy and monitoring of its effects. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with MS and to identify gender differences in examined outcome. Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2010 to May 2011. The data were obtained by anonymous survey of 110 patients. Quality of life of the patients was measured by the instrument 'The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) - BREF'. Data on gender and age of patients, type of MS, the number of relapses during the last 2 years, current therapy, dose regimens of certain drugs, and the amount of money the patients spend each month for the purchase of drugs that are not issued at the expense of health insurance fund, were obtained using a distinct structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and Student's t-test for independent samples. Results: Of the total 110 interviewed patients, 70% (n = 77) were female and 30% (n = 33) male. There were no significant gender differences in the disease duration, number of relapses in the last two years and spending of more than 1000 RSD per month for purchase of drugs that were not issued at the expense of the health insurance fund. Significantly better quality of life was recorded in women than men (p = 0.031), mainly on account of differences in the assessment of the domain of 'Environment' (p = 0.025), as measured by WHOQOL-BREF scale. Conclusion: This study has shown that females tolerate difficulties caused by multiple sclerosis better than men, and also have a better quality of life than men with the same clinical form of the disease and identical symptoms, treated with the same therapy.

Primary psychiatric disorders are frequently associated with electrolyte disorders, which could be caused by medication. We performed a systematic review of the literature in order to discover published cases of electrolyte disorders associated with risperidone use. The databases Medline and Scopus were searched and 317 publications were retrieved containing the following keywords: risperidone, hyponatremia, hypernat remia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. We included in our review the following publication types: the original scientific research, case reports, review of literature and letters to the editor. Case reports and observational studies associating risperidone with hyponatremia or hypokalemia, as well as with hypocalcemia were found. In spite of sporadic case reports of risperidone induced electrolyte disorders, conflicting opinions and results of other studies quest ion the certainty of this association. Further research is necessary to confirm and enlighten the association between risperidone and electrolyte disorders.