Background: In the year 2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina celebrates anniversaty of three important healthcare institutions: the Vaqf's hospital in Tuzla established in 1874, Regional hospital in Sarajevo (Landesspital) established in 1894 and the first Faculty of Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina established in Sarajevo in 1944. Objective: The aim of this article was to describe historical facts how mentioned institutions were founded and what was importance of functioning all of them during history of health care education and healthcarte protection. Methods: The author searched important historical facts about establishing and works Hastahana in Tuzla, Landesspital in Sarajevo and Medical faculty in Sarajevo, writen in the books and articles deposited in indexed databases PubMed Central, Scopus, Hinari, Embase, etc. Results and Discussion: The first hospital (hastahanas, named as Waqf's hospitals, besides other 4 - established in Tuzla, Mostar, Travnik and Banja Luka) has been founded in Sarajevo in 1866, which was founded by Governor Serif Osman Topal Pasha and doctor Jozef Kecet. These hastahanas were definitely the embryo of an organized health services in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have had enormous hystorical significance. Vakuf's hospital in Tuzla (Hastahana) founded by doctor Mehmed Serbic Sami, the first Muslim physician, graduated in Instanbul, Turkey at Lecole de Medicine in 1873. The first official hospital established during Austrian-Hungarian period was Regional (Landesspital) hospital opened in the July 1st 1894 and had 303 hospital beds in 4 departments: the first Internal department with diseases of the throat and nose (not the ear) with 45-50 beds, the Second - Surgical Department with ophtalmology (for ear surgery) with 45-50 beds, the Third - Dermatology and Venerology ward with 70-80 beds and the fourth - Gynaecology-obstetrics department with 70-80 beds. It will be a good basis for training future teachers pioneers of medicine, which will be opened in Sarajevo in November 22nd 1944 as a part of Medical Faculty in Zagreb. An generation of medical students attend the first year of study in Sarajevo. True, most students of this generation will be mobilized during the war, some will move on to medical faculties in other cities, and some other faculties in Sarajevo. The first Faculty of Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina officialy established in November 16th 1946. Conclusion: All institutions described in this article played important role in the history of healthcare education and healthcare protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the cause of 17 million deaths a year worldwide, of which 25% are sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). In Europe cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in Europe accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to analize of current strategic documents and relevant facts of WHO and other appropriate institutions regarding CVDs prevention and control for potentialy use in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Methods: Authors made a narrative review to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of B&H. Results and Discussion: Bosnia and Herzegovina is among the countries with a high risk of CVD together with Albania, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Slovakia, and Turkey. The main public health challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reducing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease. NCDs are estimated to account for 80% of the country’s annual deaths, and addressing them is the foremost public health priority in the country. Cardiovascular diseases still represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The well-known cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion: Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice to support healthcare professionals in their efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in both individual patients, as well as at a population level..

Background: The development of medicine and pharmacy in the Bosnia and Herzegovina was marked by different historical periods–first they were settled by the Illyrians and Delmatians, and after them came the Romans, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Objective: The aims of this article are to show, based on the available literature: a) The development of medicine and pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval period until the Second World War; b) The most significant historical events that marked the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina; c) Methods of treatment, medicinal forms and preparations that were used in the mentioned period. Methods: The subject of this study was the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 14th century until the Second World War. In order to achieve the set goals, a) Retreival of professional and scientific literature and b) Search of scientific databases and web pages on the Internet that offer adequate and relevant data and historical facts related to the subject of studies were carried out. Most of the facts are covered in previously published articles by the author and deposited in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, as well as in books and monographs by the author of this text. Results and Discussion: In the Middle Ages, folk medicine was present, in which herbalists looked for medicines in certain plant and animal species. In the 13th century, Bosnia was settled by the Franciscans, who permanently marked the development of medicine and pharmacy. They are educated at prestigious universities abroad, from where they bring their knowledge, skills and recipes and write them in books, which are called ljekaruse (medicine books). Every historical period brought some changes for medicine and pharmacy, so the Ottoman Empire brought customs of frequent cleaning, public fountains and hammams were built. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the first hospitals and pharmacies were established, and laws on pharmacy activity were introduced. Written documents on the history of the medicine and pharmacy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly found in the libraries of monasteries, and a significant number of them are also in the libraries of madrasas, and the National and University Librarie in Sarajevo and the library of former Institute of Hygiene in Sarajevo. Conclusion: In connection with the medical and pharmacy practice of the Bosnian Franciscans, the question of the various medical records that they created, which helped them in their health efforts, stands out. First of all, we are talking about numerous medicinal books, so called ”ljekaruse”. On the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there were many such “ljekarusa” who mostly grew up at the sources of national experience. In those books, the recipes are mostly based on the use of medicinal herbs. Historians of medicine believe that these medicinal books represent the cultural and historical significance of our regions.

Background: The Organized health care during Ottoman Empire was poor, and the population of Bosnia looked to the clergy of all denominations, among which the Franciscans play a significant role, for a cure for their ailments, both mental and physical. The Franciscan motto of living, not only for yourself but also for others was, also, reflected in the Bosnian Franciscans’ provision of medical services to people. Objective: The aim of this article was to show, based on the available literature, the development of medicine and pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval period until the Second World War with description methods of treatment, medicinal forms and preparations that were used in the mentioned period. Methods: The subject of this study was the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 14th century until the Second World War. In order to achieve the set goals, a) Retreival of professional and scientific literature and b) Search of scientific databases and web pages on the Internet that offer adequate and relevant data and historical facts related to the subject of studies were carried out. Most of the facts are covered in previously published articles by the author and deposited in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, as well as in books and monographs by the author of this text. Results and Discussion: In the Middle Ages, folk medicine was present, in which herbalists looked for medicines in certain plant and animal species. In the 13th century, Bosnia was settled by the Franciscans, who permanently marked the development of medicine and pharmacy. They are educated at prestigious universities abroad, from where they bring their knowledge, skills and recipes and write them in books, which are called ljekaruse (medicine books). Every historical period brought some changes for medicine and pharmacy, so the Ottoman Empire brought customs of frequent cleaning, public fountains and hammams were built. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the first hospitals and pharmacies were established, and laws on pharmacy activity were introduced. Written documents on the history of the medicine and pharmacy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly found in the libraries of monasteries, and a significant number of them are also in the libraries of madrasas, and the National and University Librarie in Sarajevo and the former Institute of Hygiene in Sarajevo. Conclusion: In connection with the medical and pharmacy practice of the Bosnian Franciscans, the question of the various medical records that they created, which helped them in their health efforts, stands out. First of all, we are talking about numerous medicinal books, so called ”ljekaruse”. On the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there were many such “ljekarusa” who mostly grew up at the sources of national experience. In those books, the recipes are mostly based on the use of medicinal herbs. Historians of medicine believe that these medicinal books represent the cultural and historical significance of our regions

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Background: The scientific researchers have the role of interacting through published articles in scientific journals or presentations at scientific and professional conferences were they can affect the practices that can make achievements to society and country. or worldwide. For this reason, scientists are encouraged after completing the project and finalizing their research investigation to publish scientific work outcomes in professional and scientific journals. Objective: The aim of this article was to describe scientometric and bibliometric indexes and explaine its importance for its evaluation and measuring quality assessment of published papers in scientific journals deposited in scientific indexed databases. Also, author criticaly analized advantages and disadvantages of current bibliometric portals for creating the list of universities and its accademic staff by counts of deposited articles in databases and number of its citations. Methods: The author searched the most influential online databases and analyzed deposited papers by scientometric/bibliometric indexes, and used a descriptive method to review important facts about scientometrics experiences in scientific and academic practice. The author used facts deposited on the main international portals for analyzing number of citations of deposited scientific papers on Scopus and Google Scholar platform - h-Index and i10-Index and number of citations as basic data fot created top list of most citated scientists in almost of all countries in the world. . Results and Discussion: Bibliometric methods are used for quantitative analysis of written materials. Citation provides guidelines for scientific work because it stimulates scientists to deal with the most current research areas and organizes scientific articles at the world level or shapes and directs them. Citation is influenced by: article quality, understanding of the article, language in which the article is written, loyalty to a group of researchers, article type, etc. Some indicators used in evaluating scientific work are Impact factor (IF); Citation of the article; Journal citations; Number and order of authors, etc. The index factor of influence depends on the quality of the journal, the language in which it was printed, the area it covers, and the journal distribution system. Finaly, three portals and its plaforms (Webometrics, "AD Scientific Index" and Stanford Bibliometric List) are not fully relevant for measuring quality assessment of universities and its academic staff, even as potentialy members of academies of sciences, like it used in the past. They need to improve in the future. In this article, we pointed out that h-Index and Google Scholar indexes for present valuable measures to determine scientific excellence. These criteria should be necessary for quality assessment of the scientific curriculum of scientists and their published papers in journals when experts of indexed databases like Medline, PMC, Scopus, etc., do reviews during the evaluation of applied journals for potentially including indexed databases. Conclusion: Current academies and academicians can propose criteria how improve indexing scientific papers with the consultation of scientific bodies and experts at universities in one country, selected regions, or worldwide. Only quality research with exact results offers the scientific community new information about the examined problem and the researcher’s personal satisfaction, and opening opportunities to receive critical reviews of those who have insight into the research.

This is the issue of third volume of EFMI Inside - the official magazine of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI), founded in Lyon, France in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting. In this issue readers can find important information about events organized during 2022 by EFMI Working Groups and national Medical informatics associations, including the most influential Conference - 32nd MIE 2022 Conference held in Nice, France in May 2022, and EFMI STC held in Cardiff in September 22. This EFMI Inside issue contains important facts about other EFMI activities which needed to be recorded for people who couln’t be active participants at the evenings organized by EFMI and members of EFMI associatins.. Very important part of the issue is official report of the EFMI Council Secretary, Professor Alfred Winter about EFMI Council meetings during years 2020, 2021 and 2022 with included all important facts about EFMI activities during past, especialy during the mandate of Alfred Winter as Secretary from 2014 until 2022. It was the first time that all important facts about EFMI were completed at the one place and we decided to published it as some kind of historical bachground of EFMI for people who will continue managing EFMI Council and EFMI Board activities in the future.In this issue we also involved information about new elected Honorry Fellows during last three years and also obituaries about members who passed away, but their names need to be mentioned regarding its important contributions in the development of Medical informatics globaly and in its national organizatios, Some of chairs of Working Groups contributed with their reports in the past year who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide.

The idea for establishing “EFMI Inside” Newsletter was born in Lyon in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting, when Catherine Chronaki, Izet Masic, and some other EFMI Council members discussed and concluded to start with magazine in which we can record important and prompt facts and information about past, current and future activities of European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI). EFMI has other types of spreading information about important facts of its activities, as “Reports”, but closely for official Council members, as reports of national and other representatives in EFMI. This publication will be an important and useful resource of EFMI and its activities for everybody who wants to be familiar with Medical informatics development and achievements in all areas of this academic and scientific discipline in European countries, but also, worldwide. In the first issue of of “EFMI Inside” readers can find contributions of influential medical informatics persons, former or current EFMI Council members - Presidents or Chairs of Working Groups, Honorary Fellows, and other EFMI members who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide. A lot of facts “inside” of the ”newsletter” was not available and visible on the way like presented in this issue.

The idea for establishing this kind of publication, named as “EFMI Inside” Newsletter was born in Lyon in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting, when Catherine Chronaki, Izet Masic, Arriel Benis, Paris Gallos, Lacramiora Stoicu-Tivadar, Alfred Winter and some other EFMI friends discussed and concluded to start with some kind of magazine in which we can record important and prompt facts and information about past, current and future activities of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) available for readers worldwide online and in print. EFMI has other types of spreading information about important facts of its activities, such as “Reports”, addressing mostly EFMI Council members, presented by national representatives and working group chairs in EFMI. This publication will be an important and useful resource of EFMI and its activities for everybody who wants to be familiar with Medical informatics development and achievements in all areas of this academic and scientific discipline in European countries, but also, worldwide. In the first issue of of “EFMI Inside” readers can find contributions of influential medical informatics persons, former or current EFMI Council members: Presidents or Chairs of Working Groups, Honorary Fellows, and other EFMI members who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide. A lot of facts and stories “inside” EFMI are shared for the first time in this newsletter, to look back and think about the future of Medical Informatics in a rapidly changing world. All suggestions and new ideas for the next issues will be appreciated.

Biographical Lexicon of Public Health

Objective: The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of one month dietary treatment on the level serum lipids (cholesterol and tryglicerides) and aminotransferases in overweight patients aged over 50 years. Methods: In agreement with the respondents we requested that they immediately only reduce consumption and that in the reporting period use only food without the use of pharmacotherapy (fat lowering agents and lipid lowering medications). The reason for this assumption is that there is physiological variation for biochemical and hematological examinations by number of internal and external influences determine the size of physiological changes, as well as the necessity of the necessary concentration of certain nutrients for basal metabolism, and function of the body–cells or metabolites. These same subjects, we monitored the frequency of the results, the results of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aminotransferase, acidum uricum creatinine after 1 month. The study was carried out on a targeted sample of 10 respondents in the Primary health care center in Gracanica for a period of 30 days. The tests on this sample were conducted survey on health status and nutrition, HIV treatment and diagnosis. Findings: Thee results show that there is an increased number of obese subjects. The paper analyzes the results of biochemical tests in subjects aged over 50 years. On the target medical and biochemical laboratory diagnostic examinations in 10 subjects of both sexes were observed: elevated results of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aminotransferase, uric acid and creatinine. It was also observed the fact that most patients was with increased body mass (BMI = and> 25). It has been observed continuous decline or normalization of laboratory test results after one month. Conclusion: There is a growing number of people who are overweight (BMI 25-30) and obese (BMI> 30) due to poor habits, which is dominated by excessive calorie intake. Due to the increased supply of food nutrients: glucose and/or triglyceride, cholesterol, protein in the body, there is increase in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, nonprotein compounds, purine and lipid, with an intense oxidative processes in the mitochondria in particular fat cells and liver disorder utilization of glucose, lipids, purine. As a consequence, the pathological results: higher levels of glucose in the blood, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine and aminotransferase were observed.