It is known that throughout history the people of Herzegovina have been good and skilled fighters and competitors, especially in wrestling, boxing, throwing maces, spears and knives, fencing, etc. Those fighting skills and various competitions were traditional activities of Herzegovinians and were nurtured, preserved and passed down from generation to generation. In the Middle Ages, in the area of today's Herzegovina, physical activities were nurtured and practiced, as well as in neighboring areas and countries. During the Turkish occupation (1463-1878) there was a halt in their development, while during the Austro-Hungarian occupation (1878-1918) sports and other physical activities and competitions began to be practiced more intensively. Numerous sports and other physical activities appeared and began to develop, such as: athletics, cycling, equestrian sports, roller-skating, bowling, hunting, fencing, football, climbing, swimming, wrestling, diving, sokolism, tennis, etc. In the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia (1918-1941), this development became more intensive in terms of content and institutions. In addition to the already mentioned, also began the development of other sports, such as: basketball, folk sports, volleyball, skiing, archery, etc. After the end of the Second World War, sport gained full momentum in Herzegovina, especially in the form of institutional organization. The subject of this research is sport and other physical activities in the territory of Herzegovina, with the aim of making an overview of their origin and development up to the most recent times. During writing historical method was used.

Serbian Sokol Societies were based on the idea of a new form of physical exercise originated in the Czech lands in the second half of the 19th century. After first initiatives, this idea soon spread to all Slavic as also countries where Slavic nations lived. That is how since 1907 this way of physical exercise appeared among Serbs who lived in America (USA). The Sokol idea in state of Pennsylvania started by the local Serbs in Steelton in the middle of 1912, when, following the initiative of the orthodox priest Teofil H. Stefanovic, they founded the Serbian Sokol Society. The subject of this research is Serbian Sokolism in America (USA) with the aim to explore when this society was founded, who took part in those and other activities until June 1914. During research authors used historical method.

Although absolute jump heights should be considered an important factor in judging the performance requirements of volleyball players, limited data is available on age-appropriate categories. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in specific anthropometric characteristics and jumping performance variables in under−19 female volleyball players in relation to playing position and performance level. The sample of subjects consisted of 354 players who prepared for the U19 Women’s Volleyball European Championship 2020 (17.4 ± 0.8 years, 1.81 ± 0.07 m, 67.5 ± 7.1 kg). Playing positions analyzed were setters (n = 55), opposites (n = 37), middle blockers (n = 82), outside hitters (n = 137), and liberos (n = 43). The results showed player position differences in every performance level group in variables of body height, spike, and block jump. Observed differences are a consequence of highly specific tasks of different positions in the composition of the team. Players of different performance levels are significantly different, with athletes of higher-ranked teams achieving better results. The acquired data could be useful for the selection and profiling of young volleyball players.

Physical Culture, as a part of general culture, can be defined as a human activity, which, through its knowledge ABOUT and FOR physical exercise within its areas (physical education, sports and physical recreation), allows the transformation of personality from real to possible. Physical Education, as one of the areas of Physical Culture, is therefore a very important educational link. It is particularly important in anera characterized by fast technological advances and technicalism that is rapidly introducing people to virtual reality. Hence, we emphasize that Physical Education, with its knowledge ABOUT and FOR physical exercise, builds the basis for a healthy, active and long life in young people. This is possible due to the fact that Physical Education, based on the Theory of Theoanthropocentrism, sees physical exercise as a beneficial body activity necessary for man and stems from the relationship to a man as a person, not an individual. The increasingly present virtual reality is in complete harmony with the sedentary culture, increasingly dominant not only in Western civilization. This undoubtedly leads to "active" hypokinesia, the root of many disturbing changes and health problems. Anthropological research conducted in Serbia and AP Vojvodina have confirmed that the number of people who regularly engage in physical exercise is decreasing. That is why we point out the importance of Physical Education, which, with its knowledge of how and why to exercise, builds the awareness of the necessity for physical exercise, as well as of the possibility of seeing every physical activity as physical exercise.

Physical movement - an exercise, which springs from our being and returns to it as a gracious food, with its agon, that desire to compete with others but also with itself, helps a human being to become and remain a personality. This statement is confirmed by people who marked the 19th and 20th century. By their example and work, they not only testified the benefits of physical exercise, but also encouraged the formation of theoanthropocentrism, one of the theories of physical culture, at the end of the 20th century. Metropolitan Hadzi Sava Kosanovic, Bishop Rade, Bishop Nikolaj of Zica, Vasa Pelagic, Cedomir Milic, are just some of those who testified and encouraged others by their example not to forget about physical exercise and their body. Because in the union of body and soul sanctified by the Holy Spirit, that trinity survives only if all and each of them is taken care of, in specific. With examples of their attitude towards physical exercise and competition, which they only pointed out or others wrote about, we will lighten up a significant part of the history of physical culture.

Summary A word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value. This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology. Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences. It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen. Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.

The beginnings of Sokolism bind to the second half of the 19th century, namely to the Czech Miroslav Tyrš and its system of physical exercise. After the founding in the Czech Republic, Sokol movement began to spread in all Slavic countries as well as in those where Slavic nations lived. In this way, Sokolism arrived among Serbs who lived in America (USA), and they began to accept the idea of Sokolism in the mid-1907. In early 1909 began to appear the first initiatives for the establishment of Serbian Soko Societies. During 1909 two societies were founded, the in the next year five more, in 1911 three societies and in 1912 more than ten. In the second half of 1911 was established the union of Serbian Soko societies in America called Serbian Soko Parish in America (SSPA). Serbian Soko Society in Cleveland, Ohio, which is also the main subject of this research, was founded in the first half of 1912. The aim of the authors is to explore and present the exact date of the founding of this Society, the main initiators and founders, members and activities of the Society during its work. In this study authors used the historical method.

At the end of the 19th century in the Czech Republic a new way of physical exercise entitled the “Sokol” or “Tyrš” system appeared. It spread to all the countries where Slavs lived and thus arrived among the Serbs who lived on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A group of Serbs from Foča in 1893 tried to establish the Serbian Soko society but the Austro-Hungarian authorities did not allow it. The first Serbian gymnastic society on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina called “Obilić” was founded in 1904 in Mostar. Many educated people of that time participated in the work of the Soko organizations, among them the medical doctor Branko Čubrilović. The main subject of this paper is Branko Čubrilović and his connections with Serbian Sokolism and the aim is to highlight his role in the development of Serbian Sokolism, primarily in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in other areas where Serbs lived. The authors used a historical method.