Central nervous system (CNS) malformations represent important factor of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, type and clinical features of CNS malformations in children who were admitted at the Neonatal and Child Neurology Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Paediatric Clinic, University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre, from January 1st, 2002 to December 31st, 2006. There were total of 16520 admissions at the Paediatric Clinic over the studied period. CNS malformations, solitary or multiple, have been diagnosed in 100 patients (0,61%). The total number of various CNS malformations was 127. Lethal outcome was established in 9/100 cases (9%). The most frequent CNS malformations were neural tube defects 49/127 (38,6%). Hydrocephalus was seen in 34/127 (26,8%), microcephaly in 24/127 (18,9%), agenesis of corpus callosum in 10/127 (7,9%), Dandy Walker malformation in 6/127 (4,7%) and other CNS malformations in 4/127 (3,1%). In 20/100 of patients neural tube defect was associated with hydrocephalus (20%). CNS malformations were prenatally diagnosed in 13/100 of patients (13%). Primary prevention of CNS malformations can be improved in our country by better implementation of preconceptional folic acid therapy for all women of childbearing age. Secondary prevention by prenatal diagnosis requires advanced technical equipment and adequate education of physicians in the field of foetal ultrasonography. In our circumstances, prenatal diagnostics of CNS malformations is still not developed enough.
Treatment of complicated case with subclavia steal syndrome and stenosis of common iliac artery Background. The aim of this case report is to describe the realization of complex radiological minimally invasive interventional procedures at the Institute of Radiology in KCU Sarajevo during which we treated a very complicated case with the left subclavia steal syndrome and the stenosis of the left common iliac artery. Case report. The patient was 57 years old with previous history of ischemic lesions in brain, with occlusion of the left arteria carotis communis (ACC) and stenosis of the right arteria carotis interna (ACI), with dizziness and inability to look upward. The patient was treated first with subintimal recanalization and introduction of self-expandable stent into the left subclavia artery to compensate for the very wide remnant of the occluded artery. After four months of follow up with no change, our team attempted to treat stenosis of the right ACI but failed to do so and during this procedure in-stent restenosis in the left subclavia artery was noted. After less than two weeks we performed balloon dilatation of in-stent restenosis of a previously installed stent into the left subclavia artery. The patient underwent CT and CT angiography (CTA), colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), MRI and MR angiography (MRA) before and after the procedures. Conclusions. A follow up and, if needed, a balloon dilation are necessary to prevent the re-occlusion of the previously treated subclavia artery with stenting.
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