The focus of the study is on the renovation of a specific case study, which is a 19th century building under cultural heritage protection. It highlights the particular challenges faced by civil engineers in the structural renovation of buildings that are under heritage protection. Preserving the identity of these buildings limits the available methods for strengthening their seismic capacity. At the beginning, information about the seismic activity and the different post-earthquake evaluation procedures are presented to identify the damage and take appropriate further steps. Then, basic information about the building is given and supported by graphic attachments. In the following, the methods and materials are explained, focusing on in situ testing with the semi-destructive flat-jack method and the analysis of the structure with the nonlinear method implemented in the software. Subsequently, the obtained results are presented and discussed, accompanied by graphics. An approach for strengthening the structure is presented, which includes a combination of traditional methods and innovative solutions suitable for the preservation of cultural heritage. The discussion and conclusions emphasize the importance of assessing and retrofitting existing masonry structures due to their vulnerability, especially in earthquake-prone areas. Finally, this article also provides insights into the local context, cultural significance, and historical background of the building, along with the specific retrofitting solutions employed to address its unique requirements.

In this article we consider the applicability of distance education on the elementary level from parents’ perspectives and present the limitations stemming from the degree of support that students in elementary education need from their parents. The dilemmas regarding the possible levels of students’ development of independence and self-orientation, and the parents’ roles are highlighted. We believe that due to these limitations, distance learning has some of the characteristics of home-schooling. The subject of the research in the empirical part of this study focused on parents’ attitudes. Parental attitudes, based on a previously established multi-factor model, become clear from the parents’ experiences (Kolak, Markić & Horvat, 2020) where factors regarding the demands of teaching and the competence of parents as substitute teachers, were separated. Parents’ characteristics (e.g., gender, age, educational status and involvement) were found to influence their attitudes. The results of the research indicate the importance of parents in distance learning during the pandemic which adds a new and more significant role in the educational process of their children.

The authors of this study define a relationship with a best friend as a form of interpersonal relationship between two people who are close, based on mutual attraction, respect and recognition, within which there is support and protection, intimacy, satisfaction, enjoyment in one another's company, and successful resolution of problems. The purpose of this study was to establish the dimensions of a friendship relationship and test the structure of a questionnaire examining the quality of a friendship relationship in the category of "best friend". The research was conducted via a survey method on a sample of 316 students of 5th, 6th and 7th grades of elementary school. The factor structure of the questionnaire was studied by a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis of the questiononaire's structure resulted in a 4-factor model with 17 items that meet the recent criteria in validation of research instruments. The extracted factors indicate the importance of intimacy, use of leisure time, emphasizing the person's value and protection. According to all important indicators, the final model was shown to be methodologically reliable as a simple instrument with a potential of wide practical application in research on quality dimensions of a relationship between best friends. Key words: factor analysis; intimacy; leisure time; value; protection. --- Autori ovoga rada definiraju prijateljski odnos s najboljim prijateljem kao oblik interpersonalnoga odnosa između dvije bliske osobe zasnovan na obostranoj privlačnosti, poštovanju i uvažavanju unutar kojeg dolazi do potpore i zaštite, intimiteta, zadovoljstva, uživanja u društvu i uspješnoga rješavanja problema. Svrha rada bila je utvrditi dimenzije prijateljskoga odnosa i testirati svojstva strukture upitnika kojim se ispituje kvaliteta prijateljskoga odnosa u kategoriji najbolji prijatelj. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 316 učenika 5., 6. i 7. razreda osnovne škole metodom anketiranja. Faktorska struktura upitnika istraživala se kombinacijom eksplorativne i konfirmativne faktorske analize. Analiza strukture upitnika rezultirala je 4-faktorskim modelom od 17 čestica koji ispunjava recentne kriterije u validaciji istraživačkih instrumenata. Ekstrahirani faktori ukazuju na važnost intimiteta, provođenja slobodnoga vremena, isticanja vrijednosti osobe te zaštite. Finalni se model prema svim bitnim indikatorima pokazuje kao metodološki pouzdan i za korištenje jednostavan instrument koji bi mogao imati široke praktične primjene među istraživačima i praktičarima u istraživanju dimenzija kvalitete odnosa među najboljim prijateljima.Ključne riječi: faktorska analiza; intimitet; slobodno vrijeme; vrijednosti; zaštita

The string-matching paradigm is applied in every computer science and science branch in general. The existence of a plethora of string-matching algorithms makes it hard to choose the best one for any particular case. Expressing, measuring, and testing algorithm efficiency is a challenging task with many potential pitfalls. Algorithm efficiency can be measured based on the usage of different resources. In software engineering, algorithmic productivity is a property of an algorithm execution identified with the computational resources the algorithm consumes. Resource usage in algorithm execution could be determined, and for maximum efficiency, the goal is to minimize resource usage. Guided by the fact that standard measures of algorithm efficiency, such as execution time, directly depend on the number of executed actions. Without touching the problematics of computer power consumption or memory, which also depends on the algorithm type and the techniques used in algorithm development, we have developed a methodology which enables the researchers to choose an efficient algorithm for a specific domain. String searching algorithms efficiency is usually observed independently from the domain texts being searched. This research paper aims to present the idea that algorithm efficiency depends on the properties of searched string and properties of the texts being searched, accompanied by the theoretical analysis of the proposed approach. In the proposed methodology, algorithm efficiency is expressed through character comparison count metrics. The character comparison count metrics is a formal quantitative measure independent of algorithm implementation subtleties and computer platform differences. The model is developed for a particular problem domain by using appropriate domain data (patterns and texts) and provides for a specific domain the ranking of algorithms according to the patterns’ entropy. The proposed approach is limited to on-line exact string-matching problems based on information entropy for a search pattern. Meticulous empirical testing depicts the methodology implementation and purports soundness of the methodology.

Izvannastavne aktivnosti kao različiti organizacijski oblici okupljanja učenika u slobodno izvannastavno vrijeme u školi imaju pretežito kulturnoumjetničko, športsko, tehničko, rekreacijsko ili znanstveno obilježje (Cindrić, 1992). Kroz njih učenici zadovoljavaju svoje potrebe i razvijaju kulturu korištenja slobodnog vremena. Zahvaljujući svom pedagoškom potencijalu, šah se sve više implementira u kurikulume škola i poučava na svim razinama obrazovanja. Ovaj trend počinje pratiti i Hrvatska, u kojoj se šah u mnogo škola provodi kao izvannastavna i/ili izvanškolska aktivnost. U ovome radu prikazat će se i analizirati prednosti koje bavljenje šahom ima za učenike osnovnih škola te će se empirijskim istraživanjam utvrditi pojavnost izvannastavne aktivnosti šaha u školama Grada Zagreba. Temeljem rezultata kvalitativnog istraživanja prikazat će se stavovi voditelja šaha kao izvannastavne aktivnosti o prednostima njegove implementacije, načinima utvrđivanja interesa te o načinima rada voditelja i polaznika/učenika.

Extracurricular activities as a variety of organizational forms of students gathering in free extracurricular time at elementary school have predominantly cultural, artistic, sporting, technical, recreational or scientific character (Cindrić, 1992). Through them, students meet their needs and develop the culture of using their leisure time. Thanks to its pedagogic potential, chess is increasingly used as an educational tool and taught in elementary schools around the world. This trend begins to follow Croatia, where chess in many schools is carried out as an extracurricular and/or extracurricular activity. In this paper we will present and analyze the advantages that chess has for the elementary school students and empirically determine the occurrence of chess as an extracurricular activity in the schools in the City of Zagreb. Also, based on the results of the qualitative research, the views of the chess teachers regarding advantages of chess implementation, ways of determining the interests of students, and teaching methods used in chess teaching will be presented.

Relationships between peers are extremely important in school, and the lack of friendship relationships or long-term difficulties in those relationships, alongside many other, may be reflected in a pupil's success, mastering of new subject matter, and result in a negative emotional reaction. The quality and quantity of their friends affect the pupils’ self-image, their self-perception, social status and success. Peer relationships with classmates may be diagnosed using the dimension of acceptance and rejection and using the dimensions of popularity and friendship. The authors of this study studied the dimension of friendship in the category of "best friend", in order to establish the variables which affect the choice of best friend. They defined the friendship relationship as a specific, mutual and two-way relationship between pupils, which is a reflection of the relationship between individuals, expressed in closeness and security. The aim of the empirical part of the study was to establish the profile of friendship relationships within a class, in the category of "best friend" formulated in the main research question as: "What is the profile of friendship relationships in the category of best friend?" The reply to the research question was considered through the variables of assessment of the number of friends, the ease/difficulty of choice of best friend, age and differences in age, the duration of friendships, experience of breaking up with a best friend, and establishing the causes. The participants in the research were elementary school pupils. The empirical part of the study was based on a qualitative methodology, and the instrument was an interview structured as replies to the survey questions asked. The results of the research indicate the difficulties pupils have in determining the number of friends, which is mainly between 10 and 20, the ease of choice of a best friend, the formation of same-sex friends in ten-year-olds, the preference for friends of the same age, and the class as a significant factor, where the first long-term best friends are acquired.

In this article we shortly present new string pattern matching algorithm. The algorithm uses novel technique for skipping unnecessary comparisons in pattern searching phase. The pattern searching is applied in almost all branches of science such as bioinformatics, information security, text mining, etc. In the context of continuous increase of data, efficient algorithms are necessary to ensure that one can find a pattern in a sequence in a fast and accurate manner. Pattern searching solves the problem of finding a pattern exhibiting certain properties within a given sequence of symbols. Concept of the new algorithm presented in this article is based on a character index in a pattern, aiming at, but not limited to patterns in DNA sequences.