The current study applies the key components of GST to explore the relationship between stress and misconduct during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the answers provided by a sample of 480 police officers from Bosnia and Herzegovina and discovered that the relationship between strain and willingness to engage in police misconduct during the pandemic is complex; not all types of stressors were related to all forms of police misconduct included in our study. The two strongest organizational stressors were perceptions that the police agency was ineffective in dealing with the pandemic and that there was a lack of personal protective equipment for police officers. Fear for their own personal health, fear of COVID-19, and concerns that COVID-19 is much more dangerous than the flu were significant personal stressors related to their willingness to engage in police misconduct. Police's own willingness not to wear a mask and to visit friends and family with whom they do not live decreased the perception that the community is not adhering to the COVID-19 rules and regulations. Living with a partner was also negatively associated with the respondents’ willingness to engage in misconduct.

Increasing drivers (i.e. pressures) on nature are present at the global scale, resulting in the upgrowth of the number of endangered species and habitats, as well as a decrease in the capacity of ecosystems to provide various benefits to the human population. Recent studies indicate that natural ecosystems are frequently unable to adequately and efficiently provide the flow of ecosystem services or nature’s contribution to people (i.e. NCP), emphasising that this negative trend will continue in the future. These trends can be linked with the existence of drivers or pressures on nature, which are numerous and have an increasing trend over time. Pressures on nature are all changes and disturbances in the functioning of biological processes and systems, followed by disruption of the ecosystem structure and the integration of the living world. In order to prevent the loss of biodiversity and ensure NCP, it is important to recognize and understand direct and indirect pressures on nature. In this sense, this paper presents the spatial distribution, intensity, trends and drivers of individual categories of pressures on nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as their combined effect. The presentation of pressures on nature is based on 16 broadly recognizable groups of ecosystems that include broad natural units (e.g. high mountain complexes), or a complex of ecological factors (e.g. dry and rocky meadows and pastures), the dominant type of use (e.g. agricultural areas) or the dominant type of pressures (e.g. urban areas) (Figures 2 and 3, Table 1). For the purposes of assessing the intensity of certain categories of pressures (direct and indirect) and their trends per ecosystem groups, an expert assessment procedure was carried out, using a structured research instrument, that enabled the analysis of experts’ views when it comes to the intensity and trend of certain categories of pressures for each ecosystem group (Tables 2 and 3). The results of this research indicate that the urban ecosystems, running water ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems are under the highest pressure, while the lowest pressures are associated with the underground and canyon ecosystems (Figures 4–13, 16). Direct pressures are generally rated as more intense than indirect pressures (Figures 14 and 15). For the majority of analysed direct and indirect pressures, similar effects and trends are confirmed as at the global level. According to the opinion of the experts, who participated in this research, overuse and pollution were assessed as the highest direct pressures on nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while institutional pressure was recognised as the highest indirect pressure. Keeping in mind that, according to their characteristics, institutional pressures are inseparable from the state authority and its institutions while, in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, they are inevitably linked to the socio-political organization and numerous criticisms of the (non)functioning of institutions. Groups of ecosystems with a significant share in total area (e.g. arable land, lowland and mountain deciduous forests and shrubs, etc.) are also characterized by high pressure with a moderate or increasing trend. Although competent institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in various international processes, systemic and institutional activities that would result in the application of good practices of the international initiatives regarding nature protection and sustainable use of natural resources are often missing. In that sense, the results of this research provide the decision-makers and the scientific community with scientifically based arguments and overall directions for the decision-making process and conducting future research in the field of natural resources and their sustainable use.