Demographic diversity of the municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A clustering approach
The demographic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a highly relevant topic in academic, political and public discourse, particularly amid ongoing depopulation trends that align with broader demographic challenges in Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe. Negative natural population change and pronounced demographic ageing stem from post-war transitions and socio-economic conditions. While geographical, economic and social factors shape regional demographic disparities, spatial heterogeneity remains insufficiently researched. This paper analyzes local demographic trends through selected indicators and applies clustering methods to identify distinct demographic groups among municipalities and cities. The findings contribute to a better understanding of regional demographic patterns and provide a framework for comparative studies in broader European contexts.