Conceptual Model for Earth Fault Detection in Radial Medium-Voltage Power Systems
Traditional fault allocation methods often struggle in networks with multiple branching points, leading to inaccurate fault distance estimates. This problem not only undermines network reliability, but also forces distribution system operators to spend extra time and resources tracing faults in the field, which can compromise both worker safety and service continuity. This paper introduces a novel fault allocation method that leverages routinely available network data from electricity distribution companies-namely their existing network models and fault-impedance measurements recorded by IEDs. By integrating detailed network calculations under fault conditions, the proposed approach locates ground fault point even in complex branching network configurations. The simulation results - derived from multiple ground fault tests in a small segment of a real Bosnian distribution system (names omitted) - demonstrate accuracy and computational efficiency of the method, making it a valuable tool for supporting operator workflows, reducing outage durations, and strengthening the resilience of tomorrow’s smart grids.